Skip to main content

Production Techniques for Omega-3 Concentrates

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

During the last 20 years there has been a clear shift from standard “18/12” fish oils—where “18” stands for 18% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and “12” stands for 12% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—to concentrated “omega-3 oils.” It was a gradual process over most of the years, but lately the demand for high concentrated omega-3 oils has increased dramatically. A first step was achieved by eliminating most saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids and in this way reaching EPA + DHA concentrations of 50–55%. This concentrate became very popular in the past couple of years and is often referred to as the “33/22.” Then, due to the commercial success of Lovaza (Omacor), the demand for EPA + DHA concentrates reaching 85% increased significantly and lately a clear trend to highly concentrated EPA (EPA 96%) is observed, most likely based on the soon-to-be-commercialized Amarin drug AMR101. Today there are only a handful of companies worldwide that are able to produce EPA and/or DHA products with more than 95% purity, but this will change in the near future owing to the growing demand for such products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 239.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 239.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gunstone FD, Padley FB. Lipid technologies and applications. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1997. p. 145–6.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Maes J, Vila Ayala J, De Meulenaer B, Verhé R, Gibon V, De Greyt W, et al. Process optimization for the removal of environmental contaminants from fish oils. OCL. 2010;17:2.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Oterhals A, Solvang M, Nortvedt R. Optimization of activated carbon based decontamination of fish oil by response surface methodology. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech. 2007;109(7):691–705.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Oterhals A, Berntssen ME. Effects of refining and removal of persistent organic pollutants by short-path distillation on nutritional quality and oxidative stability of fish oil. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(23):12250–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Mbatia B, Mattiasson B, Mulaa F, Adlercreutz P. Strategies for the enzymatic enrichment of PUFA from fish oil. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech. 2011;113(6):117–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Breivik H. Refining oil composition. US-Patent 5,945,318. 1999 Aug 31

    Google Scholar 

  7. Peffer J, Freudt A, Bel-Rhlid R, Hansen CE, Reuss M, Schmid RD, et al. Highly efficient enzymatic synthesis of 2-Monoacylglycerlols and structured lipids and their production on a technical scale. Lipids. 2007;42(10):947–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mbatia B, Adlercreutz P, Mulaa F, Mattiasson B. Enzymatic enrichment of omea-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Nile Perch viscera oil. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech. 2010;112(9):977–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bengen F. German Patent Application 02 12438. 1940 Mar 18

    Google Scholar 

  10. Domat C, Miyauchi D, Sumerwell W. The fractionation of marine oil fatty acids with urea. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1955;32(9):481–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ratnayake WMN, Olson B, Matthews D, Ackman RG. Preparation of omega-3 PUFA concentrates from fish oil via urea complexation. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech. 1988;90(10):381–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kistler R, Muckerheide V, Myers L. The commercial solvent separation of fatty acids. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1946;23(5):146–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kolb D, Brown J. Low temperature solubilities of fatty acids in selected organic solvents. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1955;32(6):35–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Tiegs C, Riha V, Brunner G, Steiner K. Separation of multicomponent mixtures of fatty acid ethyl esters from fish oil by countercurrent SFE in high pressure chemical engineering. In: Rohr R, Trepp C, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on High Pressure Chemical Engineering; 1996 Oct 7–9; Zurich, Switzerland. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 1996. p. 291–296

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lembke P. Liquid chromatography. In Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial industry, vol. B5. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lembke P. Extraktion und chromatographie mit uberkritischen kohlendioxid in der lebensmittelchemie und lebensmitteltechnologie. Dissertation, University of Saarbrucken/Germany; 1994

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lembke P. Supercritical fluid chromatography with packed columns. In: Anton K, Berger C, editors. Production of high purity n-3 fatty acids ethyl esters by process scale supercritical fluid chromatography, Chromatographic science series, vol. 75. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1997. p. 429–43.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lembke P, Krumbholz R, Schirra N. Method of recovering unsaturated fatty acids. US Patent 5,362,895. 1994 Nov 8

    Google Scholar 

  19. Krumbholz R, Lembke P, Schirra N. Process for recovering a substance or a substance group from a mixture. Patent Application EP 0712651(B1). 1995 Oct 13

    Google Scholar 

  20. Krumbholz R, Lembke P, Schirra N. Chromatography process for recovering substances or a group of substances from a mixture. US Patent 2011/0015418 A1. 2011 Jan 20

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bull H. Ueber die Trennung der Fettsäuren des Dorschleber-Oels [On the separation of fatty acids of codliver oils]. Chem Ber. 1906;39:3570–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Brown J, Beal GD. The highly unsaturated fatty acids of fish oils. J Am Chem Soc. 1923;45:1289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Farmer EH, van den Heuvel FA. Unsaturated acids of natural oils. Part VII. Docosahexaenoic acid, an abundant highly-unsaturated acid of cod-liver oil. J Soc Chem Ind (London). 1938;57:24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Breivik H. A process for decreasing environmental pollutants in an oil or fat, a volatile environmental pollutats decreasing working fluid, a health supplement band an animal feed product. European Patent EP-1523541B1. 2003 Aug 7

    Google Scholar 

  25. Breivic H. Use of volatile environmental pollutants – decreasing working fluid or decreasing the amount of pollutant in a fat for alimentary or cosmetic use. European Patent Application EP-2295529 A2. 2011 Aug 7

    Google Scholar 

  26. Breivik H. Process for decreasing environmental pollutants in an oil or fat—fish feed product. European Patent Application EP-2169038 A1. 2011 Aug 7

    Google Scholar 

  27. Breivic H et al. Process for decreasing environmental pollutants in oil or a fat. US Patent US-7,718698. 2010 May 18

    Google Scholar 

  28. Sondbo S. A process for decreasing the amount of cholesterol in a marine oil using a volatile working fluid. European Patent Application EP-1534807 B1. 2007 Aug 22

    Google Scholar 

  29. Norris D. The separation of natural components of fats and oils by molecular distillation. Chem Rev. 1941;29(2):317–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter Lembke Dr.rer.nat. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lembke, P. (2013). Production Techniques for Omega-3 Concentrates. In: De Meester, F., Watson, R., Zibadi, S. (eds) Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-214-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-215-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics