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Blood-Based Tumor Markers for Prostate Cancer

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Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Urology ((CCU))

Abstract

Although the wide availability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has revolutionized prostate cancer (PCa) screening, resulting in a decrease in PCa metastasis and death, the ubiquitous use of PSA screening has also led to overdetection and overtreatment (Schroder et al. N Engl J Med 360(13): 1320–8, 2009). Since all prostate epithelial cells synthesize PSA, an elevated PSA can reflect the presence of cancer but can also be caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), infection, and/or chronic inflammation. Therefore, there has been a concerted effort to discover and validate novel PCa biomarkers. This chapter discusses (1) the challenges of PCa biomarker research, the types of PCa biomarkers, and the statistical considerations for biomarker discovery and validation; (2) the isoforms of PSA and their clinical applications; (3) several promising blood-based biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and/or prognostication (i.e., human kallikrein-related peptidase 2, urokinase plasminogen activator, transforming growth factor-beta 1, interleukin-6, endoglin, and prostate cancer specific autoantibodies and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase); and (4) the benefit of and need for combining biomarkers into different panels for each disease state.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology and Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 1330 First Avenue, 0124, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Lily C. Wang M.D., Ph.D., Douglas S. Scherr M.D. & Shahrokh F. Shariat M.D.

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  1. Lily C. Wang M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Douglas S. Scherr M.D.
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  3. Shahrokh F. Shariat M.D.
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Correspondence to Lily C. Wang M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medic, Department of Regional Urology, at Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    J. Stephen Jones

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Wang, L.C., Scherr, D.S., Shariat, S.F. (2013). Blood-Based Tumor Markers for Prostate Cancer. In: Jones, J. (eds) Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-188-2_7

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