Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Pathology ((CCPATH))

Abstract

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a relatively recently described entity, distinct from placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) and choriocarcinoma (CC), with a resemblance to squamous cell carcinoma. With slightly less than 100 cases reported in the literature, ETT is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) arising from the chorionic-type intermediate trophoblast. ETT was initially thought to be a variant of choriocarcinoma and is also referred to as “atypical choriocarcinoma.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Shih IM, Kurman RJ. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: a neoplasm distinct from choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumor simulating carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22(11):1393–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hui P, Martel M, Parkash V. Gestational trophoblastic diseases: recent advances in histopathologic diagnosis and related genetic aspects. Adv Anat Pathol. 2005;12(3):116–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Fadare O, Parkash V, Carcangiu ML, Hui P. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: clinicopathological features with an emphasis on uterine cervical involvement. Mod Pathol. 2006;19(1):75–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bouchet-Mishellany F, Ledoux-Pilon A, Darcha C, Dechelotte P. Trophoblastic gestational disease: a placental site trophoblastic tumor and an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Ann Pathol. 2004;24(2):167–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Coulson LE, Kong CS, Zaloudek C. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the uterus in a postmenopausal woman: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(11):1558–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hamazaki S, Nakamoto S, Okino T, Tsukayama C, Mori M, Taguchi K, et al. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: morphological and immunohistochemical study of three lung lesions. Hum Pathol. 1999;30(11): 1321–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kamoi S, Ohaki Y, Mori O, Yokoyama M, Kawamoto Y, Kawamura T, et al. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the uterus: cytological and immunohistochemical observation of a case. Pathol Int. 2002;52(1):75–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kuo KT, Chen MJ, Lin MC. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the broad ligament: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(3):405–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Meydanli MM, Kucukali T, Usubutun A, Ataoglu O, Kafkasli A. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the endocervix: a case report. Gynecol Oncol. 2002;87(2): 219–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Narita F, Takeuchi K, Hamana S, Ohbayashi C, Ayata M, Maruo T. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) initially interpreted as cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2003;13(4):551–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ohira S, Yamazaki T, Hatano H, Harada O, Toki T, Konishi I. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor metastatic to the vagina: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2000;19(4): 381–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Parker A, Lee V, Dalrymple C, Valmadre S, Russell P. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour: report of a case in the fallopian tube. Pathology. 2003;35(2):136–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Shen DH, Khoo US, Ngan HY, Ng TY, Chau MT, Xue WC, et al. Coexisting epithelioid trophoblastic tumor and choriocarcinoma of the uterus following a chemoresistant hydatidiform mole. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003;127(7):e291–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Singer G, Kurman RJ, McMaster MT, Shih Ie M. HLA-G immunoreactivity is specific for intermediate trophoblast in gestational trophoblastic disease and can serve as a useful marker in differential diagnosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(7):914–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Shih IM, Kurman RJ. p63 expression is useful in the distinction of epithelioid trophoblastic and placental site trophoblastic tumors by profiling trophoblastic subpopulations. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(9):1177–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Takekawa Y, Yamamoto T, Sakakibara M, Kimura M, Yoshii R, Yamashita Y. Cytologic findings of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the uterus: a case report. Acta Cytol. 2010;54(3):345–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Phippen NT, Lowery WJ, Leath III CA, Kost ER. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor masquerading as invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix after an ectopic pregnancy. Gynecol Oncol. 2010;117(2):387–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Li J, Shi Y, Wan X, Qian H, Zhou C, Chen X. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of seven cases. Med Oncol. 2011;28(1):294–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Liang Y, Chen XD, Lu BJ, Shi HY, Zhang XF. Clinicopathologic analysis of uterine epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2009;38(9):590–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Okumura M, Fushida K, Rezende WW, Schultz R, Zugaib M. Sonographic appearance of gestational trophoblastic disease evolving into epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010;36(2): 249–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lewin SN, Aghajanian C, Moreira AL, Soslow RA. Extrauterine epithelioid trophoblastic tumors presenting as primary lung carcinomas: morphologic and immunohistochemical features to resolve a diagnostic dilemma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(12):1809–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kalhor N, Ramirez PT, Deavers MT, Malpica A, Silva EG. Immunohistochemical studies of trophoblastic tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(4):633–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Tsai HW, Lin CP, Chou CY, Li CF, Chow NH, Shih IM, et al. Placental site nodule transformed into a malignant epithelioid trophoblastic tumour with pelvic lymph node and lung metastasis. Histopathology. 2008;53(5):601–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Cheng XD, Lu WG, Wan XY, Chen XD, Xie X. Case report and literature review of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2008;43(4): 281–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Eiholm S, Langhoff JL, Palle C. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour. Ugeskr Laeger. 2010;172(42):2904–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Chohan MO, Rehman T, Cerilli LA, Devers K, Medina-Flores R, Turner P. Metastatic epithelioid trophoblastic tumor involving the spine. Spine. 2010;35(20):E1072–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Shet T, Parage M, Maheshwari A, Nair R, Gupta S, Tongaonkar H, et al. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of uterus presenting as an ovarian mass: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2008;51(2):242–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Macdonald MC, Palmer JE, Hancock BW, Tidy JA. Diagnostic challenges in extrauterine epithelioid trophoblastic tumours: a report of two cases. Gynecol Oncol. 2008;108(2):452–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gan MF, Yu CK, Lu HS, Yang PN. Uterine epithelioid trophoblast tumor: report of a case. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2007;36(8):570–1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Noh HT, Lee KH, Lee MA, Ko YB, Hwang SH, Son SK. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of paracervix and parametrium. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2008;18(4): 843–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Theodossiadis P, Rouvas A, Nakopoulou L, Halvatziotis P, Magkou C, Vergados I. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(7):1421.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Urabe S, Fujiwara H, Miyoshi H, Arihiro K, Soma H, Yoshihama I, et al. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the lung. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2007;33(3):397–401.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Liu Q, Shi QL, Zhang JM, Li Y, Du YM, Shen SM, et al. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the uterus: a report of. China Med J (Engl). 2007;120(8):729–30.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Vencken PM, Ewing PC, Zweemer RP. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour: a case report and review of the literature. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59(12):1307–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lo C, Low I, Tan AL, Baranyai J. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: a case report. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2006;16(3):1473–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Zavadil M, Feyereisl J, Safar P, Pan M. Undifferentiated choriocarcinoma–epithelioid trophoblastic tumors treated at the Center for Trophoblastic Diseases in the Czech Republic 1955–2003. Ceska Gynekol. 2003; 68(6):420–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Mazur MT. Metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma. Unusual pathologic variant following therapy. Cancer. 1989;63(7):1370–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Jones WB, Romain K, Erlandson RA, Burt ME, Lewis Jr JL. Thoracotomy in the management of gestational choriocarcinoma. A clinicopathologic study. Cancer. 1993;72(7):2175–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Silva EG, Tornos C, Lage J, Ordonez NG, Morris M, Kavanagh J. Multiple nodules of intermediate trophoblast following hydatidiform moles. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1993;12(4):324–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mazur MT, Kurman RJ. Gestational trophoblastic disease and related lesions. In: Kurman RJ, editor. Blaustein’s pathology of the female genital tract. 4th ed. New York: Springer; 1994. p. 1049–93.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Duncan DA, Mazur MT. Trophoblastic tumors: ultrastructural comparison of choriocarcinoma and placental-site trophoblastic tumor. Hum Pathol. 1989;20(4): 370–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Fukunaga M, Ushigome S. Malignant trophoblastic tumors: immunohistochemical and flow cytometric ­comparison of choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumors. Hum Pathol. 1993;24(10):1098–106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ramondetta LM, Silva EG, Levenback CF, Burke TW. Mixed choriocarcinoma in a postmenopausal patient. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2002;12(3):312–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Sebire NJ, Lindsay I. Current issues in the histopathology of gestational trophoblastic tumors. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2010;29(1):30–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Cole ME, Broaddus R, Thaker P, Landen C, Freedman RS. Placental-site trophoblastic tumors: a case of resistant pulmonary metastasis. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2008;5(3):171–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Zavadil M, Feyereisl J, Safar P, Pan M. Malignant ­trophoblastic tumors (MTT) treated in the years 1955–2004 in trophoblastic disease center in the Czech Republic (TDC-CZ): clinical-pathological features, curability, typing, pathogenesis. Ceska Gynekol. 2004;69 Suppl 1:9–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Shih Ie M. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia – pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8(7):642–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Mao TL, Kurman RJ, Huang CC, Lin MC, Shih Ie M. Immunohistochemistry of choriocarcinoma: an aid in differential diagnosis and in elucidating pathogenesis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31(11):1726–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Horn LC, Einenkel J, Vogel M. Histopathology of gestational trophoblastic disease. An update. Pathologe. 2009;30(4):313–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Mao TL, Seidman JD, Kurman RJ, Shih Ie M. Cyclin E and p16 immunoreactivity in epithelioid trophoblastic tumor – an aid in differential diagnosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30(9):1105–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Oldt III RJ, Kurman RJ, Shih Ie M. Molecular genetic analysis of placental site trophoblastic tumors and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors confirms their trophoblastic origin. Am J Pathol. 2002;161(3):1033–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Xu ML, Yang B, Carcangiu ML, Hui P. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: comparative genomic hybridization and diagnostic DNA genotyping. Mod Pathol. 2009;22(2):232–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Mao TL, Kurman RJ, Jeng YM, Huang W, Shih Ie M. HSD3B1 as a novel trophoblast-associated marker that assists in the differential diagnosis of trophoblastic tumors and tumorlike lesions. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(2):236–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Yap KL, Hafez MJ, Mao TL, Kurman RJ, Murphy KM, Shih Ie M. Lack of a y-chromosomal complement in the majority of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. J Oncol. 2010;2010:364508.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Bianchi NO. Y chromosome structural and functional changes in human malignant diseases. Mutat Res. 2009;682(1):21–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Li HW, Tsao SW, Cheung AN. Current understandings of the molecular genetics of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Placenta. 2002;23(1):20–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Garner EI, Goldstein DP, Feltmate CM, Berkowitz RS. Gestational trophoblastic disease. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;50(1):112–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Yang A, Kaghad M, Wang Y, Gillett E, Fleming MD, Dotsch V, et al. p63, a p53 homolog at 3q27-29, encodes multiple products with transactivating, death-inducing, and dominant-negative activities. Mol Cell. 1998;2(3):305–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Yang A, Kaghad M, Caput D, McKeon F. On the shoulders of giants: p63, p73 and the rise of p53. Trends Genet. 2002;18(2):90–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Flores ER, Tsai KY, Crowley D, Sengupta S, Yang A, McKeon F, et al. p63 and p73 are required for p53-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Nature. 2002;416(6880):560–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Little NA, Jochemsen AG. p63. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2002;34(1):6–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Patturajan M, Nomoto S, Sommer M, Fomenkov A, Hibi K, Zangen R, et al. DeltaNp63 induces beta-catenin nuclear accumulation and signaling. Cancer Cell. 2002;1(4):369–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Zhang HJ, Xue WC, Siu MK, Liao XY, Ngan HY, Cheung AN. P63 expression in gestational trophoblastic disease: correlation with proliferation and apoptotic dynamics. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2009;28(2): 172–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Ohtsubo M, Theodoras AM, Schumacher J, Roberts JM, Pagano M. Human cyclin E, a nuclear protein essential for the G1-to-S phase transition. Mol Cell Biol. 1995;15(5):2612–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Tuncer ZS, Vegh GL, Fulop V, Genest DR, Mok SC, Berkowitz RS. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor-related family products in gestational trophoblastic diseases and normal placenta and its relationship with development of postmolar tumor. Gynecol Oncol. 2000;77(3):389–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Muller-Hocker J, Obernitz N, Johannes A, Lohrs U. P53 gene product and EGF-receptor are highly expressed in placental site trophoblastic tumor. Hum Pathol. 1997;28(11):1302–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Palmer JE, Macdonald M, Wells M, Hancock BW, Tidy JA. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: a review of the literature. J Reprod Med. 2008;53(7):465–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Baergen RN, Rutgers J, Young RH. Extrauterine lesions of intermediate trophoblast. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2003;22(4):362–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Shih IM, Kurman RJ. The pathology of intermediate trophoblastic tumors and tumor-like lesions. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2001;20(1):31–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Allan RW, Algood CB, Shih Ie M. Metastatic epithelioid trophoblastic tumor in a male patient with mixed germ-cell tumor of the testis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(12):1902–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Li J, Shi Y, Wan X, Yao W, Zhou C, Qian H. Intratumoral blood flow analysis in epithelioid trophoblastic tumors. J Ultrasound Med. 2009;28(12): 1709–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Horn LC, Vogel M. Gestational trophoblastic disease. Non-villous forms of gestational trophoblastic disease. Pathologe. 2004;25(4):281–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Allison KH, Love JE, Garcia RL. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: review of a rare neoplasm of the chorionic-type intermediate trophoblast. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006;130(12):1875–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Cheung AN. Pathology of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;17(6):849–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Soma H, Osawa H, Oguro T, Yoshihama I, Fujita K, Mineo S, et al. P57kip2 immunohistochemical expression and ultrastructural findings of gestational trophoblastic disease and related disorders. Med Mol Morphol. 2007;40(2):95–102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Simard J, Ricketts ML, Gingras S, Soucy P, Feltus FA, Melner MH. Molecular biology of the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta5-delta4 isomerase gene family. Endocr Rev. 2005;26(4):525–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Blaschitz A, Hutter H, Leitner V, Pilz S, Wintersteiger R, Dohr G, et al. Reaction patterns of monoclonal antibodies to HLA-G in human tissues and on cell lines: a comparative study. Hum Immunol. 2000; 61(11):1074–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Goldman-Wohl D, Ariel I, Greenfield C, Hochner-Celnikier D, Lavy Y, Yagel S. A study of human leukocyte antigen G expression in hydatidiform moles. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185(2):476–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Rabreau M, Rouas-Freiss N, Landi M, Le Danff C, Carosella ED. HLA-G expression in trophoblast cells is independent of embryonic development. Hum Immunol. 2000;61(11):1108–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Shih IM, Kurman RJ. Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin-alpha in the placenta and gestational trophoblastic lesions. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1999; 18(2):144–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Kommoss F, Oliva E, Bhan AK, Young RH, Scully RE. Inhibin expression in ovarian tumors and tumor-like lesions: an immunohistochemical study. Mod Pathol. 1998;11(7):656–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Shih Ie M. Trophogram, an immunohistochemistry-based algorithmic approach, in the differential diagnosis of trophoblastic tumors and tumorlike lesions. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2007;11(3):228–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Kurman RJ, Young RH, Norris HJ, Main CS, Lawrence WD, Scully RE. Immunocytochemical localization of placental lactogen and chorionic gonadotropin in the normal placenta and trophoblastic tumors, with emphasis on intermediate trophoblast and the placental site trophoblastic tumor. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1984;3(1):101–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Shih IM, Kurman RJ. Expression of melanoma cell adhesion molecule in intermediate trophoblast. Lab Invest. 1996;75(3):377–88.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Shih IM, Nesbit M, Herlyn M, Kurman RJ. A new Mel-CAM (CD146)-specific monoclonal antibody, MN-4, on paraffin-embedded tissue. Mod Pathol. 1998;11(11):1098–106.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Jacob S, Mohapatra D. Placental site nodule: a tumor-like trophoblastic lesion. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2009;52(2):240–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Young RH, Kurman RJ, Scully RE. Placental site nodules and plaques. A clinicopathologic analysis of 20 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990;14(11):1001–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Kouvidou C, Karayianni M, Liapi-Avgeri G, Toufexi H, Karaiossifidi H. Old ectopic pregnancy remnants with morphological features of placental site nodule occurring in fallopian tube and broad ligament. Pathol Res Pract. 2000;196(5):329–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Mills SE, Austin MB, Randall ME. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A distinctive, undifferentiated carcinoma with inflammatory stroma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1985;9(12):883–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Coleman RL, Lindberg G, Muller CY, Miller DS, Hameed A. Ectopic production and localization of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the cervix: a case report. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2000;19(2):179–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Behtash N, Karimi Zarchi M. Placental site trophoblastic tumor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2008; 134(1):1–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Lurain JR. Gestational trophoblastic disease II: classification and management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204(1):118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Knox S, Brooks SE, Wong-You-Cheong J, Ioffe O, Meisenberg B, Goldstein DP. Choriocarcinoma and epithelial trophoblastic tumor: successful treatment of relapse with hysterectomy and high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell support: a case report. Gynecol Oncol. 2002;85(1):204–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Papadopoulos AJ, Foskett M, Seckl MJ, McNeish I, Paradinas FJ, Rees H, et al. Twenty-five years’ clinical experience with placental site trophoblastic tumors. J Reprod Med. 2002;47(6):460–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Hassadia A, Gillespie A, Tidy J, Everard RGNJ, Wells M, Coleman R, et al. Placental site trophoblastic tumour: clinical features and management. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;99(3):603–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Schmid P, Nagai Y, Agarwal R, Hancock B, Savage PM, Sebire NJ, et al. Prognostic markers and long-term outcome of placental-site trophoblastic tumours: a retrospective observational study. Lancet. 2009;374(9683):48–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, et al. Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(21):2129–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Paez JG, Janne PA, Lee JC, Tracy S, Greulich H, Gabriel S, et al. EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science. 2004;304(5676):1497–500.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Ave (MC6101), Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Katja Gwin MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Katja Gwin MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katja Gwin MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., New Haven, 06520-8023, USA

    Pei Hui

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gwin, K. (2012). Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor. In: Hui, P. (eds) Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. Current Clinical Pathology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-394-3_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-394-3_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-393-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-394-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation