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Chemical Crowd Control Agents

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Clinical Forensic Medicine

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Abstract

Chemical restraint is used in many settings: for controlling violent criminals or agitated patients, to disperse crowds (crowd control agents), or to limit access to specific areas. These agents have also been used by criminals as weapons in the commission of rape, robbery, and murder. The possibilities for the abuse of these agents are really quite vast and should always be considered in any forensic ­investigation. The situation is complicated by the fact that new agents are introduced regularly, and they may not always produce familiar or expected symptoms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Private Consultant Pathologist and Toxicologist, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Steven B. Karch

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  1. Steven B. Karch
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Correspondence to Steven B. Karch .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Willunga Place 8, Sydney, 2125, New South Wales, Australia

    Margaret M. Stark

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Karch, S.B. (2011). Chemical Crowd Control Agents. In: Stark, M. (eds) Clinical Forensic Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-258-8_6

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