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Cancer Stem Cells in Ovarian Cancer

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Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other gynecologic malignancy. Five-year survival rates have only marginally improved over the past 3 decades, with progression to drug resistance remaining the major therapeutic barrier. Similar to a number of other carcinomas, recent reports suggest that ovarian tumors may exhibit a hierarchical organization of cell types, with tumor development and progression driven by “cancer stem cells” that are inefficiently targeted by conventional therapies. This chapter will focus on the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis as it may relate to ovarian cancer, examine reports of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs), and discuss potentially improved therapeutic strategies based on the specific targeting of these tumor progenitors.

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Abbreviations

ABC:

Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

ATRA:

All-trans retinoic acid

BCRP:

Breast cancer resistance protein

BRCA:

Breast cancer susceptibility gene

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CSC:

Cancer stem cell

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferases

DTEP:

Drug-tolerant expanded persisters

DTP:

Drug-tolerant persisters

EMT:

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

EOC:

Epithelial ovarian cancer

ERK:

Extracellular receptor kinase

FACS:

Fluorescence activated cell sorting

FAK:

Focal adhesion kinase

FTE:

Fallopian tube epithelia

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

HOX:

Homeobox

IFN-α:

Interferon-alpha

IL:

Interleukin

MDR:

Multidrug resistance

MyD88:

Myeloid differentiation factor 88

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells

NICD:

Notch intracellular domain

OCSC:

Ovarian cancer stem cell

OS:

Overall survival

OSE:

Ovarian surface epithelium

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

SCF:

Stem cell factor

SHH:

Sonic hedgehog

SP:

Side population

STIC:

Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

uPA:

Urokinase plasminogen activator

Wnt:

Wingless

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Fang Fang, Curt Balch, Meng Li, Jay M. Pilrose & Kenneth P. Nephew

  2. Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Curt Balch & Kenneth P. Nephew

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  1. Dept. Oncology & Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Commissioners Road East 790, London, N6A 4L6, Ontario, Canada

    Alison L. Allan

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Fang, F., Balch, C., Li, M., Pilrose, J.M., Nephew, K.P. (2011). Cancer Stem Cells in Ovarian Cancer. In: Allan, A. (eds) Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-246-5_9

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