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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

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Handbook of Drug Interactions

Abstract

Antidepressant drugs have been referred to by the labels first-, second-, and third-generation. These terms are nonspecific, although generally the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fall into the second-generation group. The tricyclics (TCAs like amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine, and doxepin) are considered to be first-generation, while some of the newer drugs that have mixed modes of action are considered to be third-generation antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, mirtazapine, bupropion, nefazodone, venlafaxine). This chapter will deal only with the second-generation antidepressants, i.e., citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, and paroxetine.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are one of the newer classes of antidepressants. Since their introduction in the United States, they have been greatly used and accepted in the psychiatric field to treat a number of conditions including major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD) [1] due to their efficacy and the reduced occurrence of undesirable side effects [2–4].

SSRIs act by inhibiting neuronal uptake of serotonin (5HT). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are generally shown to be as effective and overall better tolerated than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in treatment of depression [3, 4]. SSRIs are also used in treating other psychiatric disorders such as panic disorder [5, 6], obsessive-compulsive disorder, and social anxiety disorder [7–9].

Depression is among the most common illnesses in the United States [10]. However, it is underdiagnosed and undertreated in this country [11]. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in number of patients who received outpatient treatment for depression [12]. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders [7–9, 13]; therefore, understanding drug interactions involving this class of agents is very important. In this chapter, SSRIs’ mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, drug and herbal interactions, and adverse reactions are described.

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, B101-VUH, 1201 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA

    Mojdeh Mozayani D.ph.

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  1. Mojdeh Mozayani D.ph.
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Correspondence to Mojdeh Mozayani D.ph. .

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  1. Harris County Institute of Forensic Scie, Old Spanish Trail 1885, Houston, 77054, Texas, USA

    Ashraf Mozayani

  2. 25071 SW. 207th Avenue 1, Homestead, 33031-1532, Florida, USA

    Lionel Raymon

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Mozayani, M. (2012). Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. In: Mozayani, A., Raymon, L. (eds) Handbook of Drug Interactions. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-222-9_6

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