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Cell-Based Therapy for Stroke

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Progenitor Cell Therapy for Neurological Injury

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability and ranks third among all causes of mortality in the US. The only approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke is thrombolysis; no neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapies exist. Preclinical and early clinical trials have demonstrated the proof of concept in terms of efficacy, and the early safety trials are encouraging. This chapter reviews the data supporting potential mechanisms of action of progenitor cell therapy for stroke. Importantly, the translational barriers as well as considerations on the dosing regimen(s) are outlined. Finally, the outcome of the Stem Cell Therapies as an Emerging Paradigm in Stroke (STEPS) conference are reviewed, pointing the way to new investigations/trials in stroke research using stem and progenitor cell therapeutics.

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Abbreviations

ASC:

Adipose-derived stem cell

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

BDNF:

Brain-derived growth factor

BLI:

Bioluminescence imaging

BM:

Bone marrow

FDA:

US Food and Drug Administration

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GDNF:

Glial-derived growth factor

hESC:

Human embryonic stem cell

HMPAO:

Hexamethylpropylene amine oxime

IA:

Intra-arterial

IC:

Intracerebral

ICV:

Intracerebroventricular/intracisternal

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

IL:

Interleukin

IV:

Intravenous

MAPC:

Multipotent adult progenitor cell

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

MNC:

Mononuclear cell

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSC:

Mesenchymal stromal (stem) cell

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

NIH:

National Institutes of Health

NSC:

Neural stem cell

PET:

Positron emission tomography

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

STEPS:

Stem cell Therapies as an Emerging Paradigm in Stroke

tPA:

Tissue plasminogen activator

UCBC:

Umbilical cord blood cell

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Vivek Misra

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  1. Vivek Misra
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  2. Bing Yang
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  3. Sushil Sharma
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  4. Sean Savitz
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Correspondence to Vivek Misra .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical School at Houston, Div. Pediatric Surgery, University Texas, Fannin Street 6431, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

    S. Charles Jr.

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Misra, V., Yang, B., Sharma, S., Savitz, S. (2011). Cell-Based Therapy for Stroke. In: Charles, S. (eds) Progenitor Cell Therapy for Neurological Injury. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-965-9_7

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