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Global Food Restriction

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Life-Span Extension

Part of the book series: Aging Medicine ((AGME))

Abstract

The use of restricted feeding paradigms to understand mechanisms of aging in rodent models is discussed. The phrase global food restriction is defined so as to avoid ambiguities that have arisen with the use of the phrase dietary restriction. Evidence is evaluated regarding the claim that such procedures not only extend longevity but also retard aging processes. Several hypotheses that have been advanced to explain this action (such as growth retardation, reduction of body fat, decreased metabolic rate, decreased plasma levels of various metabolites, and decreased levels of oxidative damage) are assessed and found wanting. Evidence is described in support of an overall mechanism in which hormesis plays an important role. It is suggested that moderate reduction of energy intake constitutes a low-intensity stressor that results in the mobilization of cellular defense mechanisms. These defense mechanisms decrease the accumulation of the cellular molecular damage that underlies senescence. It seems likely that the energy-restricted animal now exists in a new metabolic state in which many, rather than few, metabolic characteristics are altered. Many or all of these altered metabolic characteristics may play a role in the beneficial effects of caloric restriction.

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Abbreviations

AGE:

Advanced glycosylation end product

AL:

Ad libitum

CR:

Caloric restriction

DR:

Dietary restriction

FOXO:

Forkhead

GH:

Growth hormone

IGF-I:

Insulin-like growth factor I

MNCL:

Mononuclear cell leukemia

MR:

Metabolic rate

mtDNA:

Mitochondrial DNA

NTG:

Nontransgenic

PGC-1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1

PPARα:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

RAGE:

Receptor for advanced glycosylation end product

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TG:

Transgenic

TOR:

Target of rapamycin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Developmental and Health Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Michelle E. Matzko & Roger J. McCarter

  2. Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA

    Edward J. Masoro

Authors
  1. Michelle E. Matzko
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  2. Roger J. McCarter
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  3. Edward J. Masoro
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Correspondence to Roger J. McCarter .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, Drexel University, North 15th St. 245, Philadelphia, 19102, U.S.A.

    Christian Sell

  2. College of Medicine, Drexel University, North 15th St. 245, Philadelphia, 19102, U.S.A.

    Antonello Lorenzini

  3. School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, N. Columbia Road 501, Grand Forks, 58203, U.S.A.

    Holly M. Brown-Borg

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Matzko, M.E., McCarter, R.J., Masoro, E.J. (2009). Global Food Restriction. In: Sell, C., Lorenzini, A., Brown-Borg, H. (eds) Life-Span Extension. Aging Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-507-1_6

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