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Roles of SNARE Proteins in Synaptic Vesicle Fusion

  • Chapter
Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release

Part of the book series: Contemporary Neuroscience ((NEUROBIOL))

Abstract

Neurotransmitters are stored in small membrane-bound vesicles at synapses. Neurotransmitter release is initiated by depolarization of the neuron, which in turn activates voltage-gated calcium channels. Calcium influx then triggers the fusion of the synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane. Fusion of the vesicular and plasma membranes is mediated by SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment receptor) proteins. The SNAREs are now known to be used in all trafficking steps of the secretory pathway, including neurotransmission. This chapter describes the discovery of the SNAREs, their relevant structural features, models for their function, the specificity of interactions, and their interactions with the calcium-sensing machinery.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Enfu Hui and Edwin R. Chapman for providing versions of Figures 3.1 and 3.3. Thanks also to Winfried Weissenhorn, Dirk Fasshauer, and Reinhard Jahn for allowing us to use and modify their images for Figure 3.1. Michael Ailion, Eric Bend, M. Wayne Davis, and Robert Hobson were instrumental in reading early versions of the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Mark T. Palfreyman

  2. Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Erik M. Jorgensen

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Correspondence to Erik M. Jorgensen .

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  1. Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, USA

    Zhao-Wen Wang Ph.D.

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Palfreyman, M.T., Jorgensen, E.M. (2008). Roles of SNARE Proteins in Synaptic Vesicle Fusion. In: Wang, ZW. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-481-0_3

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