Summary
Alpha-blockers represent one of the most common therapies for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). The rationale is based on presence of varied receptors in the lower genitourinary tract. Alpha-blockers may work differently for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia than for patients with symptoms of CP/CPPS. Starting in the early 1970s, reports suggested that certain patients might benefit from treatment with alpha-blockers. Unfortunately, early nonspecific agents had side-effects that severely limited their clinical utility. More selective alpha-1-blockers offer substantially greater promise. The best studies were double-blinded, randomized clinical trials evaluating tamsulosin, alfuzosin, and terazosin. Current data suggest that treatment-naïve and/or newly diagnosed patients appear more likely to respond than long-term, chronic refractory patients; that longer treatment courses of treatment appear superior to shorter courses; and that less-selective alpha-blockers appear generally superior to more selective agents.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lee, S., Cheah, P., Liong, M., et al. (2007) Demographic and clinical characteristics of chronic prostatitis: Prospective comparison of the University of Sciences Malaysia cohort with the U.S. National Institutes of Health Cohort. J. Urol. 177, 153–158.
Schaeffer, A. J., Landis, J. R., Knauss, J. S., et al. (2002) Demographic and clinical characteristics of men with chronic prostatitis: the national institutes of health chronic prostatitis cohort study. J. Urol. 168, 593–598.
Ku, J. H., Paick, J. S., Kim, S. W. (2005) Chronic prostatitis in Korea: A nationwide postal survey of practicing urologists in 2004. Asian J. Androl. 7, 427–432.
Drach, G. W. (1980) Prostatitis and prostatodynia: Their relationship to benign prostatic hypertrophy. Urol. Clin. North Am. 7, 79–88.
Buck, A. C. (1975) Disorders of micturition in bacterial prostatitis. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 68, 508–511.
Nickel, J. C. (2006) The overlapping lower urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyper-plasia and prostatitis. Curr. Opin. Urol. 16, 5–10.
Nickel, J. C. (2003) The use of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in lower urinary tract symptoms: beyond benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 62(3 Suppl 1), 34–41.
Langer, S. Z. (1999) History and nomenclature of alpha1-adrenoceptors. Eur. Urol. 36(Supp 1), 2–6.
Terzic, A., Puceat, M., Vassort, G., Vogel, S. M. (1993) Cardiac alpha-1 adrenoceptors: An overview. Pharmacol. Rev. 45, 147–175.
Schwinn, D., and Michelotti, G. (2000) Alpha1-adrenergic receptors in the lower urinary tract and vascular bed: Potential role for the alpha1d subtype in filling symptoms and effects of ageing on vascular expression. BJU Int. 88(Suppl 2), 27–34.
Schwinn, D. (2001) The role of alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtype in lower urinary tract symptoms. BJU Int. 88(Suppl 2), 27–34.
Theodorou, C., Konidaris, D., Moutzouris, G., and Becopoulos, T. (1999) The urodynamic profile of prostatodynia. BJU Int. 84, 461–463.
Turner-Warwick, R., Whiteside, C. G., Worth, P. H., Milroy, E. J., and Bates, C. P. (1973) A urodynamic view of the clinical problems associated with bladder neck dysfunction and its treatment by endoscopic incision and trans-trigonal posterior prostatectomy. Br. J. Urol. 45(1), 44–59.
Arnold, T. (1979) Urodynamic significance of minor urological problems in the male. Urol. Clin. North Am. 6, 193–197.
Murnaghan, G. F., and Millard, R. J. (1984) Urodynamic evaluation of bladder neck obstruction in chronic prostatitis. Br. J. Urol. 56, 713–716.
Kaplan, S. A., Te, A. E., and Jacobs, B. Z. Urodynamic evidence of vesical neck obstruction in men with misdiagnosed chronic nonbacterial prostatitis and the therapeutic role of endo-scopic incision of the bladder neck. J. Urol. 152, 2063–2065.
Yamanishi, T., Yasuda, K., Sakakibara, R., Hattori, T., Tojo, M., and Ito, H. (1997) The nature of detrusor bladder neck dyssynergia in non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 66, 163–168.
Kaplan, S. A., Santarosa, R. P., D'Alisera, P. M., et al. (1997) Pseudodyssynergia (contraction of the external sphincter during voiding) misdiagnosed as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis and the role of biofeedback as a therapeutic option. J. Urol. 157, 2234–2237.
Toh, K. L., and Ng, C. K. (2006) Urodynamic studies in the evaluation of young men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms. Int. J. Urol. 13, 520–523.
Gonzalez, R. R., and Te, A. E. (2006) Is there a role for urodynamics in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis? Curr. Urol. Rep. 7, 335–338.
Hruz, P., Danuser, H., Studer, U. E., and Hochreiter, W. W. (2003) Non-inflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome can be caused by bladder neck hypertrophy. Eur. Urol. 44, 106–110; discussion 10.
Barbalias, G. A., Meares, E. M., Jr., and Sant, G. R. (1983) Prostatodynia: Clinical and urodynamic characteristics. J. Urol. 130, 514–517.
Kirby, R. S., Lowe, D., Bultitude, M. I., and Shuttleworth, K. E. (1982) Intra-prostatic urinary reflux: an aetiological factor in abacterial prostatitis. Br. J. Urol. 54, 729–731.
Hellstrom, W. J., Schmidt, R. A., Lue, T. F., and Tanagho, E. A. (1987) Neuromuscular dysfunction in nonbacterial prostatitis. Urology 30, 183–188.
Doble, A., Walker, M. M., Harris, J. R., Taylor-Robinson, D., and Witherow, R. O. (1990) Intraprostatic antibody deposition in chronic abacterial prostatitis. Br. J. Urol. 65, 598–605.
Barbalias, G. A. (1990) Prostatodynia or painful male urethral syndrome? Urology 36, 146–153.
Webster, G. D., Lockhart, J. L., and Older, R. A. (1980) The evaluation of bladder neck dysfunction. J. Urol. 123, 196–198.
Norlen, L. J., and Blaivas, J. G. (1986) Unsuspected proximal urethral obstruction in young and middle-aged men. J. Urol. 135, 972–976.
Graversen, P. H., Gasser, T. C., Wasson, J. H., Hinman, F., Jr., and Bruskewitz, R. C. (1989) Controversies about indications for transurethral resection of the prostate. J. Urol. 141, 475–481.
Lopatin, W. B., Martynik, M., Hickey, D. P., Vivas, C., and Hakala, T. R. (1990) Retrograde transurethral balloon dilation of prostate: Innovative management of abacterial chronic pros-tatitis and prostatodynia. Urology 36, 508–510.
Mayo, M. E., Ross, S. O., and Krieger, J. N. (1998) Few patients with “chronic prostatitis” have significant bladder outlet obstruction. Urology 52, 417–421.
Cheah, P. Y., Liong, M. L., Yuen, K. H., et al. (2003) Terazosin therapy for chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A randomized, placebo controlled trial. J. Urol. 169, 592–596.
Mehik, A., Hellstrom, P., Lukkarinen, O., Sarpola, A., and Alfthan, O. (2000) Prostatic tissue pressure measurement as a possible diagnostic procedure in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Urol. Res. 28, 316–318.
Caine, M., and Raz, S. (1975) Some clinical implications of adrenergic receptors in the urinary tract. Arch. Surg. 110, 247–250.
Osborn, D. E., George, N. J., Rao, P. N., et al. (1981) Prostatodynia—physiological characteristics and rational management with muscle relaxants. Br. J. Urol. 53, 621–623.
Dunzendorfer, U. (1981) alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (alpha DFMO) and phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic non-suppurative prostatitis. Arzneimittelforschung 31, 382–385.
Te, A. E. (2002) A modern rationale for the use of phenoxybenzamine in urinary tract disorders and other conditions. Clin. Ther. 24, 851–861; discussion 37.
Kaneko, S., Minami, K., Yachiku, S., and Kurita, T. (1980) Bladder neck dysfunction: the effect of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine on bladder neck dysfunction and a fluorescent histochemical study of bladder neck smooth muscle. Invest. Urol. 18, 212–218.
Neal, D. E., Jr., and Moon, T. D. (1994) Use of terazosin in prostatodynia and validation of a symptom score questionnaire. Urology 43, 460–465.
Barbalias, G. A., Nikiforidis, G., and Liatsikos, E. N. (1998) Alpha-blockers for the treatment of chronic prostatitis in combination with antibiotics. J. Urol. 159, 883–887.
Drabick, J. J., Gambel, J. M., and Mackey, J. F. (1997) Prostatodynia in United Nations peacekeeping forces in Haiti. Mil. Med. 162, 380–383.
de la Rosette, J. J., Karthaus, H. F., van Kerrebroeck, P. E., de Boo, T., and Debruyne, F. M. (1992) Research in ‘prostatitis syndromes’: The use of alfuzosin (a new alpha 1-receptor-blocking agent) in patients mainly presenting with micturition complaints of an irritative nature and confirmed urodynamic abnormalities. Eur. Urol. 22, 222–227.
Gul, O., Eroglu, M., and Ozok, U. (2001) Use of terazosine in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome and evaluation by prostatitis symptom score index. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 32, 433–436.
Lacquaniti, S., Destito, A., Servello, C., et al. (1999) Terazosine and tamsulosin in non bacterial prostatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Arch. Ital. Urol. Androl. 71, 283–285.
Evliyaoglu, Y., and Burgut, R. (2002) Lower urinary tract symptoms, pain and quality of life assessment in chronic non-bacterial prostatitis patients treated with alpha-blocking agent doxazosin; versus placebo. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 34, 351–356.
Shoskes, D. A., Hakim, L., Ghoniem, G., and Jackson, C. L. (2003) Long-term results of multimodal therapy for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. J. Urol. 169, 1406–1410.
Ruggieri, M. R., Sr., Braverman, A. S., and Pontari, M. A. (2005) Combined use of alpha-adrenergic and muscarinic antagonists for the treatment of voiding dysfunction. J. Urol. 174, 1743–1748.
Nickel, J. C. (2004) The three As of chronic prostatitis therapy: Antibiotics, alpha-blockers and anti-inflammatories. What is the evidence? BJU Int. 94, 1230–1233.
Propert, K. J., Alexander, R. B., Nickel, J. C., et al. (2002) Design of a multicenter randomized clinical trial for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Urology 59, 870–876.
Nickel, J. C., Narayan, P., McKay, J., and Doyle, C. (2004) Treatment of chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome with tamsulosin: a randomized double blind trial. J. Urol. 171, 1594–1597.
Dimitrakov, J. D., Kaplan, S. A., Kroenke, K., Jackson, J. L., and Freeman, M. R. (2006) Management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: An evidence-based approach. Urology 67, 881–888.
Alexander, R. B., Propert, K. J., Schaeffer, A. J., et al. (2004) Ciprofloxacin or tamsulosin in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A randomized, double-blind trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 141, 581–589.
Mehik, A., Alas, P., Nickel, J. C., Sarpola, A., and Helstrom, P. J. (2003) Alfuzosin treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study. Urology 62, 425–429.
McNeill, S. A., Hargreave, T. B., Geffriaud-Ricouard, C., Santoni, J., and Roehrborn, C. G. (2001) Postvoid residual urine in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: pooled analysis of eleven controlled studies with alfuzosin. Urology 57, 459–465.
Pontari, M. A., Network NCPCR. Comparison of alfuzosin therapy for alpha-blocker naive patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. In press.
Cheah, P. Y., Liong, M. L., Yuen, K. H., et al. (2004) Initial, long-term, and durable responses to terazosin, placebo, or other therapies for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Urology 64, 881–886.
Hieble, J. P., Bylund, O. B., Clarke, D. I., et al. (1995) Recommendations of nomenclature of α1-adrenoceptors. Consensus update. Pharmacol. Rev. 47, 267–270.
Testa, R., Poggesi, E., Taddei, C., Guarnei, L., Ibba, M., and Leonardi, A. (1994) A new α1-antagonist selective for the lower urinary tract: In vitro studies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 13, 473–474.
Takei, R., Ikegak, I., Shibata, K., Tsujimoto, G., and Asano, T. (1999) Naftopidil, a novel alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, displays selective inhibition of canine prostatic pressure and high affinity binding to cloned human alpha1-adrenoceptors. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 79, 447–503.
van Kerrebroeck, P. (2001) The efficacy and safety of a new once-a-day formulation of an alpha-blocker. Eur. Urol. 39(Suppl 6), 19–26.
Djavan, B., Marberger, M. (1999) A meta-analysis on the efficacy and tolerability of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction. Eur. Urol. 36(Suppl 1), 54–58.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science + Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lee, S.W.H., Liong, M.L., Yuen, K.H., Liong, Y.V., Krieger, J.N. (2008). Alpha-Blocker Therapy for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. In: Shoskes, D.A. (eds) Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-472-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-472-8_7
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-934115-27-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-472-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)