Skip to main content

Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization

  • Chapter
Ocular Angiogenesis

Part of the book series: Opthalmology Research ((OPHRES))

Abstract

Pathological myopia is synonymous with high myopia and generally refers to a condition in which individuals have greater than 6 to 8 diopters of myopia or an axial length greater than 26 to 27 mm Pathological myopia is a major cause of legal blindness in many developed countries (24), affecting 27 to 33% of all myopic eyes, which corresponds to a prevalence of 0.2 to 0.4% in the general population of the United States (4). High myopia is especially common in Asia and the Middle East. In Japan, the number of cases of myopia is unknown, but pathological or high myopia affects 6 to 18% of the myopic population and approx 1% of the general population (5).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Pruett RC. Pathologic myopia. In: Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology, Albert DM, Jakobiec FA, eds. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia: 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Tokoro T. Criteria for diagnosis of pathologic myopia. In: Atlas of Posterior Fundus Changes in Pathologic Myopia, Tokoro T, ed. Springer, New York: 1981:p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ghafour IM, Allan D, Foulds WS. Common causes of blindness and visual handicap in the west of Scotland. Br J Ophthalmol 1986;67:209–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sperduto RD, Seigel D, Roberts J, et al. Prevalence of myopia in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 1983;101:405–407.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tokoro T. On the definition of pathologic myopia in group studies. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1988;185:107,108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Curtin BJ. Ocular findings and complications. In: Myopias, Curtin BJ, ed. Harper & Row, Philadelphia: 1985:277–347.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Steidl SM, Pruett RC. Macular complications associated with posterior staphyloma. Am J Ophthalmol 1997; 123:181–187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Avila MP, Weiter JJ, Jalkh AE, et al. Natural history of choroidal neovascularization in degenerative myopia. Ophthalmology 1984;91:1573–1581.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Fried M, Siebert A, Meyer-Schwickerath G, et al. Natural history of Fuchs’ spot: a longterm follow-up study. Doc Ophthalmol 1981;28:215–221.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hampton GR, Kohen D, Bird AC. Visual prognosis of disciform degeneration in myopia. Ophthalmology 1983;90:923–926.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cohen SY, Laroche A, Leguen Y, et al. Etiology of choroidal neovascularization in young patients. Ophthalmology 1996; 103:1241–1245.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Vongphanit J, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. Prevalence and progression of myopic retinopathy in an older population. Ophthalmology 2002;109:704–711.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Curtin BJ, Karlin DB. Axial length measurements and fundus changes of the myopic eye. Am J Ophthalmol 1971;71:42–53.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Grossniklaus HE, Green WR. Pathologic findings in pathologic myopia. Retina 1992;12:127–133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hotchkiss ML, Fine SL. Pathologic myopia and choroidal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol 1981;91:177–183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ohno-Matsui K, Yoshida T, Futagami S, et al. Patchy atrophy and lacquer cracks predispose to the development of choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:570–573.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kobayashi K, Mandai M, Suzuma I, et al. Expression of estrogen receptor in the choroidal neovascular membranes in highly myopic eyes. Retina 2002;22:418–422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Pruett RC, Weiter JJ, Goldstein RB. Myopic cracks, angioid streaks, and traumatic tears in Bruch’s membrane. Am J Ophthalmol 1987; 103:537–543.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Seko Y, Seko Y, Fujikura H, et al. Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor after application of mechanical stress to retinal pigment epithelium of the rat in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:3287–3291.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Spitznas M, Boker T. Idiopathic posterior subretinal neovascularization is related to myopia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1991;229:536–538.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Remulla JFC, Gaudio AR, Miller S, et al. Foveal electroretinograms and choroidal perfusion characteristics in fellow eyes of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 1995;79:558–561.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dimitrova G, Tamaki Y, Kato S, et al. Retrobulbar circulation in myopic patients with or without myopic choroidal neovascularization. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:771–773.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ohno-Matsui K, Morishima N, Ito M, et al. Posterior routes of choroidal blood outflow in high myopia. Retina 1996; 16:419–425.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Quaranta M, Arnold J, Coscas G, et al. Indocyanine green angiographic features of pathologic myopia. Am J Ophthalmol 1996; 122:663–671.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Baba T, Ohno-Matsui K, Yoshida T, et al. Optical coherence tomography of choroidal neovascularization in high myopia. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2002;80:82–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Tabandeh H, Flynn HW, Scott IU, et al. Visual acuity outcome of patients 50 years of age and older with high myopia and untreated choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmology 1999; 106:2063–2067.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Yoshida T, Ohno-Matsui K, Ohtake Y, et al. Long-term visual prognosis of choroidal neovascularization in high myopia. A comparison between age groups. Ophthalmology 2002;109:712–719.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Yoshida T, Ohno-Matsui K, Yasuzumi K, et al. Myopic choroidal neovascularization. A 10-year follow-up. Ophthalmology 2003;110:1297–1305.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kojima A, Ohno-Matsui K, Teramukai S, et al. Factors associated with the development of chorioretinal atrophy around choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004;242:114–119.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Brancato R, Pece TA, Avanza P, et al. Photocoagulation scar expansion after laser therapy for choroidal neovascularization in degenerative myopia. Retina 1990; 10:239–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Secretan M, Kuhn D, Soubrane G, et al. Long-term visual outcome of choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia: natural history and laser treatment. Eur J Ophthalmol 1997;7:307–316.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ruiz-Moreno JM, Montero JA. Long-term visual acuity after argon green laser photocoagulation of juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization in highly myopic eyes. Eur J Ophthalmol 2002; 12:117–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Jalkh AE, Weiter JJ, Trempe CL, et al. Choroidal neovascularization in degenerative myopia: role of laser photocoagulation. Ophthalm Surg 1987;18:721–725.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Johnson DA, Yannuzzi LA, Shakin JL, et al. Lacquer cracks following laser treatment of choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia. Retina 1998;18:118–124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Uemura A, Thomas MA. Subretinal surgery for choroidal neovascularization in patients with high myopia. Arch Ophthalmol 2000; 118:344–350.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bottoni F, Perego E, Airaghi P, et al. Surgical removal of subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes in high myopia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1999;237:573–582.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Thomas MA, Dickinson JD, Melberg NS, et al. Visual results after surgical removal of subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes. Ophthalmology 1994;101:1384–1396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ruiz-Moreno JM, de la Vega C. Surgical removal of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in highly myopic patients. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85:1041–1043.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Machemer R, Steinhorst UH. Retinal separation, retinotomy, and macular relocation: 2. A surgical approach for age-related macular degeneration? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1993;231:635–641.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ichibe M, Imai K, Ohta M, et al. Foveal translocation with scleral imbrication in patients with myopic neovascular maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132:164–171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Fujii GY, Humayun MS, Pieramici DJ, et al. Initial experience of inferior limited macular translocation for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization resulting from causes other than age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131:90–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Glacet-Bernard A, Simon P, Hamelin N, et al. Translocation of the macula for management of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization: comparison of results in age-related macular degeneration and degenerative myopia. Am J Ophthalmol 2001; 131:78–89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Fujikado T, Ohji M, Hosohata J, et al. Comparison of visual function after foveal transloca-tion with 360 degrees retinotomy and with scleral shortening in a patient with bilateral myopic neovascular maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130:525–527.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Tano Y. Pathologic myopia: where are we now? Am J Ophthalmol 2002; 134:645–660.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Sickenberg M, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Miller JW, et al. A preliminary study of photodynamic therapy using verteporfin for choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia, ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, angioid streaks, and idiopathic causes. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;117:327–336.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy (VIP) Study Group. Photodynamic therapy of sub-foveal choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia. 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial-VIP report no. 1. Ophthalmology 2001;108:841–852.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy (VIP) Study Group. Photodynamic therapy of sub-foveal choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia. 2-year results of a randomized clinical trial-VIP report no. 3. Ophthalmology 2003; 110:667–673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Montero JA, Ruiz-Moreno JM. Verteporfin photodynamic therapy in highly myopic sub-foveal choroidal neovascularization. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:173–176.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Scupola A, Ventura L, Tiberti AC, et al. Histological findings of a surgically excised myopic choroidal neovascular membrane after photodynamic therapy. A case report. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004;242:605–610.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Spaide RF, Sorenson J, Maranan L. Combined photodynamic therapy with verteporfin and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmology 2003;110:1517–1525.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Eyetech Study Group. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration: phase 2 study results. Ophthalmology 2003;110:879–881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Mori K, Gehlbach P, Yamamoto S, et al. AAV-mediated gene transfer of pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits choroidal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43:1994–2000.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Gehlbach P, Demetriades AM, Yamamoto S, et al. Periocular injection of adenoviral vectorencoding pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits choroidal neovascularization. Gene Ther 2003;10:637–646.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Rechtman E, Danis RP, Pratt LM, et al. Intravitreal triamcinolone with photodynamic therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:344–347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Takahashi K, Saishin Y, Saishin Y, et al. Topical nepafenac inhibits ocular neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:409–415.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. The Anecortave Acetate Clinical Study Group. Anecortave acetate as monotherapy for treatment of subfoveal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Twelve-month clinical outcomes. Ophthalmology 2003; 110:2372–2385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ohno-Matsui, K., Tokoro, T. (2006). Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization. In: Tombrain-Tink, J., Barnstable, C.J. (eds) Ocular Angiogenesis. Opthalmology Research. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-047-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-047-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-514-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-047-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics