Abstract
Although numerous techniques fulfill the basic functional definition of dewatering, they do so to widely varying degrees. It is important to keep this fact in mind when comparing different dewatering and/or drying devices. For example, sludge drying beds and evaporation lagoons can be used not only to dewater a particular sludge, but also to dry it to a solids concentration of more than 50–60%. Depending on the particular device involved, dewatered sludge from a mechanical device might vary from a wet, almost flowable form, to a harder and more friable form (1)–(5).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
G. P. Sakellaropoulos, Drying and evaporation process, in Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 4, Chapter 8, L. K. Wang, and N. C. Pereira, (eds.), Humana Press, Inc. Totowa, NJ, 373–446 (1986).
US EPA, Process Design Manual for Sludge Treatment and Disposal. EPA-625/1-79-011, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, September (1979).
US EPA, Innovative and Alternative Technology Assessment Manual. 430-/9-78-009, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, February (1980).
US EPA, Design Manual: Dewatering Municipal Wastewater Sludge. EPA/625/1-87/014, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, September, p. 193 (1987).
US EPA, Handbook: Septage Treatment and Disposal. EPA-625/6-84-009, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, June, p. 300 (1984).
US EPA, Control of Air Emissions from Superfund Sites. EPA-625/R-92/012, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, November, p. 146 (1992).
A. J. Buonicore and W. T. Davis, (eds.), Air Pollution Engineering Manual. Air and Waste Management Association. Van Nostrand Reinhold, NY (1992).
W. W. Eckenfelder, Jr and D. J. O’Connor, Biological Waste Treatment, Pergamon press, NY (1961).
W. W. Eckenfelder, Jr and D. L. Ford, Water Pollution Control, Pemberton Press, Jenkins Publishing Co., NY (1970).
W. R. Neubauer, Waste alum sludge treatment. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 60(7), 819–826 (1968).
R. S. Burd, A Study of Sludge Handling and Disposal, US Dept. of the Interior, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Publish. WP-20-4 (1968).
Editors, Sludge drying, sewage Ind. wastes, 31(2), 239 (1959).
Editor, Recommended Standards for Sewage Works, a Report of the-Committee of the Great Lakes-Upper Mississippi River Board of State Sanitary Engineers, Health Education Service, Albany, NY (2005).
T. R. Haseltine, Measurement of sludge drying bed performance, Sewage Ind. Wastes, 23(9), 1065 (1951).
L. W. Vankleeck, Sewage works guide, Wastes Engineering, NY (1961).
J. F. Vogler and W. Rundolfs, Factors involved in the drainage of white-water sludge. Proc. of the 5th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, p. 305 (1949).
J. W. McLarren, Canadian Municipal Utility, 23, 51 (1961).
M. Bowers, Sewage Ind. Wastes, 29(7), 835 (1957).
W. J. Weber, Jr., Physicochemical Processes for Water Quality Control, Wiley Interscience, NY (1972).
R. L. Carr, Jr., Water Sewage Works, 114, R-64 (1967).
W. A. Sperry, Sewage Works J., 13(5), 855 (1941).
R. S. Gale, Filtration Separation, 5(2), 133 (1968).
WPCF, Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants, Manual of Practice, No. 11, Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, DC (1961).
J. K. Adams, Sewage Works J., 15(4), 704 (1943).
J. T. Burke and M. T. Dajani, Organic polymers in treatment of industrial wastes. Proceeding of 21st Ind. Waste Conference, Purdue University, Ext. Scr. 121, 303 (1966).
O. O. Cofie, S. Agbottah, M. Strauss, H. Esseku, A. Montangero, E. Awuah and D. Kone. Solid liquid separation of faecal sludge using drying beds in Ghana. Water Research 40(1), p. 75–82 (2006).
S. Kelman and C. P. Priesing, Polyelectrolyte flocculation-sand bed dewatering, paper presented at The Michigan WPCA Conference, June (1964).
ASCE, Advances in sludge disposal in the period from October 1, 1954 to February 1, 1960, American Society of Civil Engineers San. Engr. Div., 88(SA2), 13 (1962).
W. T. South, Water Sewage Works, 105, 347 (1958).
C. W. Randall, Water Sewage Works, 116, 373 (1969).
C. W. Randall and C. T. Koch, J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 4, R215 (1969).
E. R. Lynd, Sewage Ind. Wastes, 28(5), 697 (1956).
R. B. Gauntlett and R. F. Pakcham, Public Works, 102, 90 (1971).
J. B. Crockford and V. R. Sparham, Developments to upgrade settlement tank performance, screening and sludge dewatering associated with industrial wastewater treatment. Proceedings of 27th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, May (1972).
V. H. Lewin, The Surveyor, 121(3680), 1521 (1962).
L. A. Lubow, J. N. Carolina Sec. AWWA, 16, 118 (1941).
J. Harrison and H. R. Bungay, Water Sewage Works, 115, 217 (1968).
T. Furman, Sewage Ind. Wastes, 26(6), 745 (1954).
Editor, Treatment and Disposal of Sewage Sludge, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, London (1954).
US EPA, Areawide Assessment Procedures Manual, Volume III. Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory. EPA 600/9-76-014, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, July (1976).
US EPA, Construction Costs for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. Office of Water Program Operations. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, MCD 37. January (1978).
Culp, Wesner, and Culp, Inc. Cost and Performance Handbook Sludge Handling Processes. Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Seminar, South Lake Tahoe, CA, October (1977).
W. A. Feige, E. T. Oppelt, and J. F. Kreissl, An Alternative Septage Treatment Method: Lime Stabilization/Sand Bed Dewatering. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, Report No. 600/2-75-036, NTIS No. PB 245816/4BE, September (1975).
B. Jamonet, T. Laedevich, and T.W. Harris, Treatment of Sludge from Septic Tanks. Societe per l’industria dell’Ossigeno e di Altra Gas, Italy and Air Liquide, France (1980).
A. J. Condren, Pilot-Scale Evaluations of Septage Treatment Alternatives. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, Report No. 600/2-78-164, NTIS No. PB-288415/AS, September (1978).
D. R. Perrin, Physical and Chemical Treatment of Septic Tank, Sludge. M.S. Thesis, University of Vermont, February, 1974.
A. A. Shaboo, Selected Septage Conditioning: Enhancing Settling and Dewatering. M.S. Thesis, University of Lowell, MA, 1978.
T. L. Crowe, Dewatering of Septage by Vacuum Filtration. M.S. Thesis, Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, NY, 1975.
W. T. South, Asphalt paved beds in Salt Lake City. Water and Sewage Works, 105 (1958).
C. W. Randall, Are paved drying beds effective for dewatering digested sludge?, Water and Sewage Works, 116 (1969).
C. W. Randall and C. T. Koch, Dewatering characteristics of aerobically digested sludge. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 41 (1969).
I. A. Cooper, Design experiences with vacuum sludge dewatering beds. 6th Annual Technical Seminar, WATERS, Inc., Denver, Colorado, 1981.
IDI Infilco Degremont, Inc., DeHydro System Brochure. IDI Infilco Degremont, Inc., Richmond, VA, (1981).
K. Imhoff and G. M. Fair, Sewage Treatment. John Wiley & Sons, NY (1956).
WPCF, Sewage Treatment Plant Design. Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington DC. Manual of Operation No. 8 (1959).
I. S. Turovskiy and P. K. Mathal. Wastewater Sludge Processing. Wiley Publisher, NY. 250 pages, July (2006).
T. R. Haseltine, Measurement of sludge drying bed performance, Sewage Ind. Wastes, 23, 1065 (1951).
WEF. Wastewater technology buyer’s guide: natural systems, Water Environ. Fed., 14, 94–95 (2002).
PE. 2000–2001 buyer’s guide: Sludge dewatering management and treatment, Pollut. Eng., 32(12), 110–111 (2000).
L. K. Wang, The State-of-the-art Technologies for Water Treatment and Management. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Vienna, Austria. UNIDO Training Manual No. 8-8-95, p. 145, August (1995).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wang, L.K., Li, Y., Shammas, N.K., Sakellaropoulos, G.P. (2007). Drying Beds. In: Wang, L.K., Shammas, N.K., Hung, YT. (eds) Biosolids Treatment Processes. Handbook of Environmental Engineering, vol 6. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-996-7_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-996-7_13
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-396-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-996-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)