Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Polymers in the Oral Environments

Novel Elastomers as Soft Liners

  • Chapter
Biomaterials Engineering and Devices: Human Applications

  • 338 Accesses

Abstract

Glassy polymers are used as dental materials because their rigidity enables them to support loads and to resist forces imposed in service in the oral cavity. Glassy polymers are generally regarded as amorphous and brittle. However, classification of these materials is very much a time-dependent concept, in which a brief experimental time interval generates brittleness, but an extended timescale can result in viscous flow. This time-dependent behavior of polymers is exemplified in the material known as “bouncing putty,” which flows like a viscous fluid when left under its own weight for extended periods, but shatters like a glass when hit with a hammer. Temperature is another factor that determines whether a polymer is a glassy solid, an elastic rubber, or a viscous liquid.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sperling LH. Introduction to Physical Polymer Science 1986; John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wright PS. Soft lining materials: their status and prospects. J Dent 1976; 4: 247–256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wright PS. Effect of soft lining materials on the growth of Candida Albicans. J Dent 1980; 8: 144–151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wright PS. Composition and properties of soft lining materials for acrylic dentures. J Dent 1981; 9: 210–223.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wright PS. Characterization of the adhesion of soft lining materials to poly(methyl methacrylate). J Dent Res 1982; 61: 1002–1005.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wright PS, Young KA, Riggs P, Parker S, and Kalachandra S. Evaluating the effect of soft lining materials on growth of yeast. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 79: 404–409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Stanford JW. Future of materials and materials research. Adv Dent Res 1986; 2: 187–192.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Braden M, Wright PS, and Parker S. Soft lining materials: a review. Eur J Prosthodont Rest Dent 1995; 3: 163–174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Amin WM, Fletcher AM, and Ritchie GN. Nature of the interface between polymethyl methacrylate denture base materials and soft lining materials. J Dent 1981; 9: 336–346.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Braden M and Wright PS. Water adsorption and water solubility of soft lining materials for acrylic dentures. J Dent Res 1983; 62: 764–768.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Holt RA Jr, Stratton RL, and McBride C. Impression technique and laboratory procedures for a processed resilient denture liner. Quint Dent Technol 1986; 10: 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wright PS. Observations on long-term use of soft lining material for mandibular complete dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1994; 72: 385–392.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Travaglini EA, Gibbons P, and Craig RG. Resilient liners for dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1960; 10: 664–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Van Handell AB. 1974; US Patent 3785054.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Litchfield J and Wood LG. British Patent 983817.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Parker S. Development and evaluation of new elas- tomeric prosthetic materials. 1982; PhD Thesis, University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Parker S and Braden M. Water adsorption of methacrylate soft lining materials. Biomaterials 1989; 10: 91–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Parker S and Braden M. New soft lining materials. J Dent 1982; 10: 149–153.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gettleman L, Guerra LR, Jameson LM, Finger IM, Agarwal A, Larson H, et al. Baseline results from two permanent soft denture reline materials. J Dent Res 1986; 65: 278.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ryan JE. Twenty-five years of clinical application of a heat-cured silicone rubber. J Prosthet Dent 1991; 65: 658–661.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Dootz ER, Koran A, and Craig RG. Comparison of physical properties of 11 sod liners. J Prosthet Dent 1992; 67: 707–712.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Jepson NJA, McCabe JF, and Basker RM. Temporary soft lining material. J Dent 1995; 23: 123–126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Quadah S, Huggett R, and Harrison A. Effects of thermocycling on the hardness of soft lining materials. Quint Int 1993; 22: 575–580.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Collis J. Assessment of a recently introduced fluoroelastomeric soft lining material. Int J Prosthodont 1993; 6 (Suppl): 440–445.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kutay O. Comparison of tensile end peel bond strengths of resilient liners. J Prosthet Dent 1994; 71: 525–531.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kutay O, Bilgin T, Sakar O, and Beyli M. Tensile bond strength of a soft lining with acrylic denture base resins. Eur J Prosthodont Rest Dent 1994; 2: 123–126.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sinobad D, Murphy WM, Huggett R, and Brooks S. Bond strength and rupture properties of some soft denture liners. J Oral Rehab 1992; 19: 151–160.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Polyzois GL. Adhesion properties of resilient lining materials bonded to light-cured denture resins. J Prosthet Dent 1992; 68: 854–858.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kawano F, Dootz ER, Koran A, and Craig RD. Sorption and solubility of 12 soft denture liners. J Prosthet Dent 1994; 72: 393–398.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Brauer GM and Sweeney WT. Sorption of water by polymethyl methacrylate. Modern Plas 1955; 32: 138–143.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Stafford GD and Brown M. Water adsorption of some denture base polymers. J Dent Res 1968; 47: 341.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Braden M and Clark RL. Water sorption characteristics of dental microfine composite filling materials. I. Proprietary materials. Biomaterials 1984; 5: 369–372.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Braden M and Davy KWM. Water adsorption characteristics of some unfilled resins. Biomaterials 1986; 7: 474–476.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Soderholm KJM. Hydrolytic degradation of dental composites and effects of silane-treatment and filler fraction on compressive strength and thermal expansion of composites. Umea Univ Odontol Dissertations, no. 19: 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kalachandra S and Turner DT. Water sorption of polymethacrylate networks: BIS-GMA/TEGDM copolymers. J Biomed Mater Res 1987; 21: 329–338.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kalachandra S and Turner DT. Water sorption of poly(methyl methacrylate): 3. Effect of plasticizers. Polymer 1987; 28: 1749–1752.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kalachandra S and Turner DT. Influence of a plasticizer on the water sorption of polymethylmethacry-late. J Polymer Sci Part B Polymer Phys 1987; 25: 697–698.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kalachandra S and Turner DT. Depression of the glass transition temperature of poly(methyl methacrylate) by plasticizers: conformity with free volume. J Polymer Sci Part B Polyps Phys 1987; 25: 1971–1979.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kalachandra S. Influence of fillers on water sorption of composites. Dent Mater 1989; 5: 283–288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kalachandra S and Turner DT. Water sorption of plasticized denture acrylic lining material. Dent Mater 1989; 5: 161–164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kalachandra S, Kusy RP, Wilson TW, Shin ID, and Stejskal EO. Influence of dibutyl phthalate on the mechanical, thermal and relaxation behaviour of poly (methyl methacrylate) for denture-based soft liners. J Mater Sci, Mater in Med 1993; 4: 509–514.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Muniandy K and Thomas AG. Water adsorption in rubbers: polymers in a marine environment. Trans I Mar E(c) 1984; 97: 87–94.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ellis B, Lamb DJ, and Saud al Nakash. Water sorption by a soft liner. J Dent Res 1977; 56: 1526.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Aiken A. Physiochemical and biological study of systems based on poly(2 ethoxy ethyl methacrylate) for use in oral and maxillofacial surgery. 1988; PhD Thesis, University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Davy KWM and Braden M. Mechanical properties of elastomeric poly(alkylmethacrylates). Biomaterials 1987; 8: 393–396.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Parker S, Riggs P, and Martin D. Water uptake of elastomeric materials. European Polymer Federation Symposium on Polymeric Materials, 9–12 October, 1994; Basel, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Parker S, Riggs P, Kalachandra S, Taylor DF, and Braden MJ. Effect of composition on the mechanical properties and water sorption of a butadiene/ styrene copolymer methacrylate monomer soft lining material. Mater Sci Mater Med 1996; 7: 245–250.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Riggs R, Parker S, and Kalachandra S. Influence of soluble and hydrophilic constituents on the water uptake of elastomeric materials. Biomaterials in Medicine, Biological Engineering Society, Dec. 6, 1995; Cambridge, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Braden M, Parker S, Riggs PD, and Martin D. Soft lining materials in the oral environment. Polymat ‘84, Biomedical Environment Session, 19–22 September 1994; London, Imperial College, London.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Riggs P, Parker P, Braden M, and Kalachandra S. Mechanisms of water uptake into soft lining materials. J Dent Res 1996; 75: 294 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Kalachandra S, Xu D, Parker S, Riggs P, Taylor DF, and Braden MJ. Dynamic mechanical analysis and water sorption of some experimental elastomeric soft lining materials. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1996; 7: 237–240.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kalachandra S, Minton RF, Takamata T, and Tay-lor DF. Characterization of commercial soft liners by dynamic mechanical analysis. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1995; 6: 218–222.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Parker S, Riggs P, Braden M, Kalachandra S, and Taylor DF. Water uptake of soft lining materials from osmotic solutions. J Dent 1997; 25: 297–304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kalachandra S, Minton RJ, Taylor DF, and Taka-mata T. Characterization of some proprietary soft lining materials. J Mater Sci Mater In Med 1995; 647–652.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Wright PS, Young KA, Parker S, and Kalachandra 71 S. Evaluating the effect of soft lining materials on growth of yeast. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 79: 404–409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kalachandra S, Turner DT, Burgess JP, and Stejskal EO. Post-irradiation reactions of monomer in poly (methyl methacrylate) by CP/MAS 13C NMR: Macromolecules, 1994; 27: 5948.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kalachandra S, Burgess JP, and Stejskal EO. Detection of monomer and dental PMMA by CP/MAS 13C NMR. J Dent Res 1989; 68: 249.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Kusy RP and Turner DT. Influence of the molecular 75 weight of poly(methylmethacrylate) on fracture surface energy is notched tension, Polymer 1976; 17: 161.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Turner DT. Glass transition elevation by polymer entanglements, Polymer 1978; 19: 789.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Turner DT. Tensile strength elevation of brittle polymers by entanglements. Polymer 1982; 23: 626.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Turner DT. Polymethyl methacrylate plus water: sorption kinetics and volumetric changes, Polymer 1982; 23: 197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Kalachandra S and Turner DT. Water sorption of poly(methyl methacrylate) 3. Effects of plasticizers. Polymer 1987; 28: 1749–1752.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Kalachandra S and Turner DT. Influence of a plasti cizer on water sorption by polymethyl methacrylate. J Polym Sci Polym Phys Edn 1987; 25: 697.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Turner DT and Abell AK. Water sorption of poly (methyl methacrylate): 2 effects of crosslinks. Poly mer 1987; 28: 297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Sheppard SE and Newsome PT. Sorption of water vapor by cellulose and its derivatives. J Phys Chem 1929: 33: 1817.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Sheppard SE. Structure of xerogels of cellulose and derivatives. Trans Faraday Soc 1933; 29: 77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kargin VA. Sorptive properties of glasslike polymers. J Polym Sci 1957; 23: 47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Rogers CE. Solubility and diffusivity in Physics and Chemistry of the Organic Solid State 1965; Fox D, Labes MM, and Weissberger A. (eds.), Interscience, New York, pp. 509–635.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Rogers CE and Machin D. Crc Critical Reviews in Macromolecular Science. 1972; CRC, Boca Raton 245.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Molyneux P. Aqueous Solutions of Amphiphiles and Macromolecules, in Water vol. 4, 1975; Franks F (ed), Plenum, New York, pp. 703–721.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Bueche FJ. Diffusion of water in polymethyl methacrylate. Polym Sci 1954; 14: 414.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Barrie JA. Water in polymers, in Diffusion in Polymers. 1968; Crank J and Park GS (eds), Academic, London, pp. 259–313.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Crank J. The Mathematics of Diffusion. 1957; Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Barrer RM, Barrie JA, and Slater J. Sorption and diffusion in ethyl cellulose. Part III. Comparison between ethyl cellulose and water. J Polym Sci 1958; 27: 177.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Doty P. On the diffusion of vapor through polymers. J Chem Phys 1946; 14: 244.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Kumins CA, Rolle CJ, and Roteman J. Water vapor diffusion through vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. J Phys Chem 1957; 61: 1290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Olayemi JY and Oniyangi NA. Three-stage interaction of dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and poly(vinyl acetate) with poly(methyl methacrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 1981; 26: 4059.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Raucher D and Sefcik M. Gas transport and cooperative main-chain motion in glassy polymers, in Industrial-Gas Separation. 1983; Whyte TE, Yon CM, and Wagner WH (eds), ACS Symp Ser 223, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 89–124.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Pace RJ and Datyner AJ. Statistical mechanical model for diffusion of simple penetrants in polymers. I. Theory, Polym Sci Polym Phys Edn 1979; 17: 437.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Kelley FN and Bueche F. Viscosity and glass temperature relations for polymers, “Diluent Systems”. J Polymer Sci 1961; 50: 549.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Kalachandra Sid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tetsuya Takamata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Donald L. Wise PhD

  2. Cambridge Scientific, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA

    Debra J. Trantolo PhD , Joseph D. Gresser PhD  & Mario V. Cattaneo PhD ,  & 

  3. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski MD

  4. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Michael J. Yaszemski MD, PhD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sid, K., Takamata, T. (2000). Polymers in the Oral Environments. In: Wise, D.L., Trantolo, D.J., Lewandrowski, KU., Gresser, J.D., Cattaneo, M.V., Yaszemski, M.J. (eds) Biomaterials Engineering and Devices: Human Applications . Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-197-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-197-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-227-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-197-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation