Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Liver Transplantation: Historical Perspective

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Anesthesia and Perioperative Care for Organ Transplantation

Abstract

Liver transplantation has undergone a remarkable evolution in the past five decades since it was explored by a few inspiring pioneers who dreamed and believed that the replacement of the diseased liver was exactly what was needed for patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Clinical outcome was not satisfactory during the experimental stage (1963–1981) due to inadequately preserved cadaveric organs, coagulopathy including fibrinolysis and excessive activation of coagulation, and difficulty in maintaining the balance between immunosuppression and infection control. It was accepted as a clinical therapy during the developmental stage (1982–1988) with the improved surgical technique using venovenous bypass and application of clinical research results in patient care. During the maturation stage (1989–2000), various types of liver transplantation was performed including xenotransplantation and living-donor liver transplantation, and anesthesiologists were able to care medically challenging patients. In the proliferation stage (2001–present), liver transplantation centers are developed in most medical centers as liver transplantation became manageable with 1-year survival of up to 90 %. This evolution was made possible by the joint effort of dedicated physicians, scientists, and health care workers of diverse medical fields. International Liver Transplantation Society has been another contributor for this successful endeavor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Staudacher V. Trapianti di Organi con Anostomosi Vascolari. Riforma Med. 1952;66:1060.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Welch CS. A note on transplantation of the whole liver in dogs. Transplant Bull. 1955;2:54–5.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cannon JA. Brief report. Transplant Bull. 1956;3:7.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Moore FD, Smith LL, Burnap TK, Dallenbach FD, Dammin GJ, Gruber UF, Shoemaker WC, Steenburg RW, Ball MR, Belko JS. One-stage homotransplantation of the liver following total hepatectomy in dogs. Transplant Bull. 1959;6:103–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Starzl TE, Kaupp Jr HA, Brock DR, Lazarus RE, Johnson RV. Reconstructive problems in canine liver homotransplantation with special reference to the postoperative role of hepatic venous flow. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1960;111:733–43.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Mikaeloff P, Pichlmayr R, Rassat JP, Messmer K, Bomel J, Tidow G, Etiennemartin M, Malluret J, Belleville P, Jouvenceau A, Falconnet J, Descotes J, Brendel W. Orthotopic homotransplantation of the liver in the dog: immunosuppressive treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum. Presse Med. 1967;75:1967–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Calne RY, White HJO, Yoffa DE, Maginn RR, Binns RM, Samuel JR, Molina VP. Observations of orthotopic liver transplantation in the pig. Br Med J. 1967;2:478–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Starzl TE, Marchioro TL, von Kaulla KN, Hermann G, Brittain RS, Waddell WR. Homotransplantation of the liver in humans. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1963;117:659–76.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Demirleau J, Nourreddine M, Vignes, Prawerman, Rciziciner, Larraud, Louvier. Tentative d’homogreffe hepatique. Mem Acad Chir (Paris). 1964;90:177–9.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Moore FD, Birtch AG, Dagher F, Veith F, Krisher JA, Order SE, Shucart WA, Dammin GJ, Couch NP. Immunosuppression and vascular insufficiency in liver transplantation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1964;120:729–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Starzl TE, Groth CG, Brettschneider L, Moon JB, Fulginiti VA, Cotton EK, Porter KA. Extended survival in 3 cases of orthotopic homotransplantation of the human liver. Surgery. 1968;63:549–63.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Starzl TE, Marchioro TL, Porter KA, Brettschneider L. Homotransplantation of the liver. Transplantation. 1967;5:790–803.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Starzl TE, Putnam CW. Experience in hepatic transplantation. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Calne RY. Liver transplantation: the Cambridge-King’s College Hospital experience. London: Grune & Stratton; 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kang Y, Aggarwal S, Freeman JA. Intraoperative mortality during liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1988;22(1 Suppl 1):600–2.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Shaw Jr BW, Martin DJ, Marquez JM, Kang YG, Bugbee Jr AC, Iwatsuki S, Griffith BP, Hardesty RL, Bahnson HT, Starzl TE. Venous bypass in clinical liver transplantation. Ann Surg. 1984;200:524–34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Starzl TE, Iwatsuki S, Van Thiel DH, Gartner JC, Zitelli BJ, Malatack JJ, Schade RR, Shaw Jr BW, Hakala TR, Rosenthal T, Porter KA. Evolution of liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1982;2:614–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Tzakis A, Todo S, Starzl TE. Orthotopic liver transplantation with preservation of the inferior vena cava. Ann Surg. 1989;210:649–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Starzl TE, Todo S, Fung J, Demetris AJ, Venkataramman R, Jain A. FK 506 for liver, kidney, and pancreas transplantation. Lancet. 1989;2:1000–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Kalayoglu M, Stratta RJ, Sollinger HW, Hoffmann RM, D’Alessandro AM, Pirsch JD, Belzer FO. Clinical results in liver transplantation using UW solution for extended preservation. Transplant Proc. 1989;21(1 Pt 2):1342–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Singer PA, Siegler M, Whitington PF, Lantos JD, Emond JC, Thistlethwaite JR, Broelsch CE. Ethics of liver transplantation with living donors. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:620–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Strong RW, Lynch SV, Ong TH, Matsunami H, Koido Y, Glenda A, Balderson GA. Successful liver transplantation from a living donor to her son. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1505–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Starzl TE, Todo S, Tzakis A, Alessiani M, Casavilla A, Abu-Elmagd K, Fung JJ. The many faces of multivisceral transplantation. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1991;172:335–44.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Starzl TE. The present state of liver transplantation and the future prospects for intestinal transplantation. Immunol Invest. 1989;18:623–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Starzl TE, Todo S, Tzakis AG, Gordon RD, Makowka L, Stieber A, Podesta L, Yanaga K, Concepcion W, Iwatsuki S. Liver transplantation: an unfinished product. Transplant Proc. 1989;21(1 Pt 2):2197–200.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Starzl TE, Fung J, Tzakis A, Todo S, Demetris AJ, Marino IR, Doyle H, Zeevi A, Warty V, Michaels M, Kusne S, Rudert WA, Trucco M. Baboon-to-human liver transplantation. Lancet. 1993;341:65–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Wiesner RH, McDiarmid SV, Kamath PS, Edwards EB, Malinchoc M, Kremers WK, Krom RA, Kim WR. MELD and PELD: application of survival models to liver allocation. Liver Transpl. 2001;7:567–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Aldrete JA. Anesthesia and intraoperative care. In: Starzl TE, Putnam CW, editors. Experience in hepatic transplantation. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Aldrete JA, LeVine DS, Gingrich TF. Experience in anesthesia for liver transplantation. Anesth Analg. 1969;48:802–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Aldrete JA, Clapp HW, Starzl TE. Body temperature changes during organ transplantation. Anesth Analg. 1970;49:384–8.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Aldrete JA, Homatas J, Boyes RN, Starzl TE. Effects of hepatectomy on the disappearance rate of lidocaine from blood in man and dog. Anesth Analg. 1970;49:687–90.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Abouna GM, Aldrete JA, Starzl TE. Changes in serum potassium and pH during clinical and experimental liver transplantation. Surgery. 1971;69:419–26.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Aldrete JA, O’Higgins JW, Holmes J. Changes of plasma cholinesterase activity during orthotopic liver transplantation in man. Transplantation. 1977;23:404–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Aldrete JA, Kroulik D. A postanesthetic recovery score. Anesth Analg. 1970;49:924–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Pappas G, Palmer WM, Martineau GL, Halgrimson CG, Penn I, Groth CG, Starzl TE. Hemodynamic changes in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation. Surg Forum. 1971;22:335–6.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Farman JV, Lines JG, Williams RS, Evans DB, Samuel JR, Mason SA, Ashby BS, Calne RY. Liver transplantation in man. Anaesthetic and biochemical management. Anaesthesia. 1974;29:17–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Schaps D, Hempelmann G, Pichlmayr R. Orthotopic liver transplantation in man from the anaesthesiological point of view (author’s transl). Anaesthesist. 1978;27:405–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. von Kaulla KN, Kaye H, von Kaulla E, Marchioro TL, Starzl TE. Changes in blood coagulation: before and after hepatectomy or transplantation in dogs and man. Arch Surg. 1966;92:71–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Groth CG, Pechet L, Starzl TE. Coagulation during and after orthotopic transplantation of the human liver. Arch Surg. 1969;98:31–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Sassano JJ. The rapid infusion system. In: Winter PM, Kang YG, editors. Hepatic transplantation: anesthetic and perioperative management. New York: Praeger; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Elia E, Kang Y. Rapid transfusion devices for hemorrhagic cardiothoracic trauma. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2002;6:105–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Martin D. Hemodynamic monitoring during liver transplantation. In: Winter PM, Kang YG, editors. Hepatic transplantation: anesthetic and perioperative management. New York: Praeger; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Martin D. Fluid and electrolyte balance during liver transplantation. In: Winter PM, Kang YG, editors. Hepatic transplantation: anesthetic and perioperative management. New York: Praeger; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Marquez J, Martin D, Virji MA, Kang YG, Warty VS, Shaw Jr B, Sassano JJ, Waterman P, Winter PM, Pinsky MR. Cardiovascular depression secondary to ionic hypocalcemia during hepatic transplantation in humans. Anesthesiology. 1986;65:457–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Kang YG. Monitoring and treatment of coagulation. In: Winter PM, Kang YG, editors. Hepatic transplantation: anesthetic and perioperative management. New York: Praeger; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Kang YG, Martin DJ, Marquez J, Lewis JH, Bontempo FA, Shaw Jr BW, Starzl TE, Winter PM. Intraoperative changes in blood coagulation and thrombelastographic monitoring in liver transplantation. Anesth Analg. 1985;64:888–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Kang Y, Lewis JH, Navalgund A, Russell MW, Bontempo FA, Niren LS, Starzl TE. Epsilon-aminocaproic acid for treatment of fibrinolysis during liver transplantation. Anesthesiology. 1987;66:766–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Porte RJ, Bontempo FA, Knot EA, Lewis JH, Kang YG, Starzl TE. Systemic effects of tissue plasminogen activator-associated fibrinolysis and its relation to thrombin generation in orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation. 1989;47:978–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Virji MA, Aggarwal S, Kang Y. Alterations in plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor levels during liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1989;21:3540–1.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Boylan JF, Klinck JR, Sandler AN, Arellano R, Greig PD, Nierenberg H, Roger SL, Glynn MF. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss, transfusion requirements, and coagulation factor use in primary orthotopic liver transplantation. Anesthesiology. 1996;85:1043–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Neuhaus P, Bechstein WO, Lefèbre B, Blumhardt G, Slama K. Effect of aprotinin on intraoperative bleeding and fibrinolysis in liver transplantation. Lancet. 1989;2:924–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Mallett SV, Cox D, Burroughs AK, Rolles K. Aprotinin and reduction of blood loss and transfusion requirements in orthotopic liver transplantation. Lancet. 1990;336:886–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kang Y, DeWolf A, Aggarwal S, Campbell E, Martin LK. In vitro study on the effects of aprotinin on coagulation during orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1991;23:1934–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. DeWolf AM, Kang YG, Todo S, Kam I, Francavilla AJ, Polimeno L, Lynch S, Starzl TE. Glucose metabolism during liver transplantation in dogs. Anesth Analg. 1987;66:76–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Mallett S, Kang Y, Borland LM, Picone J, Martin LK. Prognostic significance of reperfusion hyperglycemia during liver transplantation. Anesth Analg. 1989;68:182–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Mallett S, Virji M, DeWolf A, Kang Y, Aggarwal S, Freeman J, Seifert R. Hormonal control of glucose metabolism during liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1989;21:3529.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Borland LM, Roule M, Cook DR. Anesthesia for pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation. Anesth Analg. 1985;64:117–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Klintmalm G, Moore AE. Organization of a new liver transplant center. Semin Liver Dis. 1985;5:412–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Grenvik A, Gordon R. Postoperative care and problems in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1987;19(4 Suppl 3):26–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Jenkins DE, Israel LB. Adaptation of a large blood bank to an active liver transplantation service. In: Winter PM, Kang YG, editors. Hepatic transplantation: anesthetic and perioperative management. New York: Praeger; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Denny DW. Liver procurement for transplantation. In: Winter PM, Kang YG, editors. Hepatic transplantation: anesthetic and perioperative management. New York: Praeger; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Aggarwal S, Kang Y, Freeman JA, DeWolf AM. Is there a post-reperfusion syndrome? Transplant Proc. 1989;21:3497–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Aggarwal S, Evans R, Kang YG. The role of 6-keto PGFI and thromboxane on reperfusion hypotension during liver transplantation (abstract). Anesthesiology. 1989;71(3A):A72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Ellis JE, Lichtor JL, Feinstein SB, Chung MR, Polk SL, Broelsch C, Emond J, Thistlethwaite JR, Roizen MF. Right heart dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, and paradoxical embolization during liver transplantation. A transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiographic study. Anesth Analg. 1989;68:777–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. De Wolf AM, Begliomini B, Gasior TA, Kang Y, Pinsky MR. Right ventricular function during orthotopic liver transplantation. Anesth Analg. 1993;76:562–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Hughes JD, Rubin LJ. Primary pulmonary hypertension. An analysis of 28 cases and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1986;65:56–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Wallwork J, Williams R, Calne RY. Transplantation of liver, heart, and lungs for primary biliary cirrhosis and primary pulmonary hypertension. Lancet. 1987;2:182–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Prager MC, Cauldwell CA, Ascher NL, Roberts JP, Wolfe CL. Pulmonary hypertension associated with liver disease is not reversible after liver transplantation. Anesthesiology. 1992;77:375–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. De Wolf AM, Scott VL, Gasior T, Kang Y. Pulmonary hypertension and liver transplantation. Anesthesiology. 1993;78:213–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. De Wolf AM, Scott V, Bjerke R, Kang Y, Kramer D, Miro A, Fung JJ, Dodson F, Gayowski T, Marino IR. Firestone: hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide in four patients with severe liver disease and pulmonary hypertension. Liver Transpl Surg. 1997;3:594–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Ramsay MA, Schmidt A, Hein HA, Nguyen AT, Lynch K, East CA, Ramsay KJ, Klintmalm GB. Nitric oxide does not reverse pulmonary hypertension associated with end-stage liver disease: a preliminary report. Hepatology. 1997;25:524–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Krowka MJ, Mandell MS, Ramsay MAE, Kawut SM, Fallon MB, Manzarbeitia C, Pardo Jr M, Marotta P, Uemoto S, Stoffel MP, Benson JT. Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: a report of the Multicenter Liver Transplant Database. Liver Transpl. 2004;10:174–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Krowka MJ, Frantz RP, McGoon MD, Severson C, Plevak DJ, Wiesner RH. Improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics during intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin): a study of 15 patients with moderate to severe portopulmonary hypertension. Hepatology. 1999;30:641–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Ashfaq M, Chinnakotla S, Rogers L, Ausloos K, Saadeh S, Klintmalm GB, Ramsay M, Davis GL. The impact of treatment of portopulmonary hypertension on survival following liver transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2007;7:1258–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Eriksson LS, Söderman C, Ericzon BG, Eleborg L, Wahren J, Hedenstierna G. Normalization of ventilation/perfusion relationships after liver transplantation in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: evidence for a hepatopulmonary syndrome. Hepatology. 1990;12:1350–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Scott V, Miro A, Kang Y, DeWolf A, Bellary S, Martin M, Kramer D, Selby R, Doyle H, Paradis I. Reversibility of the hepatopulmonary syndrome by orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1993;25:1787–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Krowka MJ. Clinical management of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Semin Liver Dis. 1993;13:414–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Gupta S, Castel H, Rao RV, Picard M, Lilly L, Faughnan ME, Pomier-Layrargues G. Improved survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Am J Transplant. 2010;10:354–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Keays R, Potter D, O’Grady J, Peachey T, Alexander G, Williams R. Intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure changes before, during and immediately after orthotopic liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. Q J Med. 1991;79:425–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Aggarwal S, Yonas H, Kang Y, Martin M, Kramer D, Obrist WD, Darby J. Relationship of cerebral blood flow and cerebral swelling to outcome in patients with acute fulminant hepatic failure. Transplant Proc. 1991;23:1978–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Aggarwal S, Kramer D, Yonas H, Obrist W, Kang Y, Martin M, Policare R. Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes in fulminant hepatic failure: a retrospective study. Hepatology. 1994;19:80–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Aggarwal S, Kang Y, DeWolf A, Scott V, Martin M, Policare R. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: monitoring of cerebral blood flow velocity during liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1993;25:1799–800.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Rimola A, Gavaler JS, Schade RR, el-Lankany S, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH. Effects of renal impairment on liver transplantation. Gastroenterology. 1987;93:148–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. McCauley J, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE, Puschett JB. Acute and chronic renal failure in liver transplantation. Nephron. 1990;55:121–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Planinsic RM, De Wolf AM, Kang Y, Kramer DJ, MaCauley J, Fung JJ, Mazariegos G. Dopamine, furosemide, and mannitol infusion and the incidence of renal dysfunction after orthotopic liver transplantation (abstract). Anesthesiology. 1996;85(3A):A247.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Sugawara Y, Tamura S, Makuuchi M. Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Tokyo University series. Dig Dis. 2007;25:310–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Moon DB, Lee SG, Hwang S, Kim KH, Ahn CS, Ha TY, Song GW, Jung DH, Park GC, Namkoong JM, Park HW, Park YH, Park CS. More than 300 consecutive living donor liver transplants a year at a single center. Transplant Proc. 2013;45:1942–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Kasahara M, Sakamoto S, Horikawa R, Koji U, Mizuta K, Shinkai M, Takahito Y, Taguchi T, Inomata Y, Uemoto S, Tatsuo K, Kato S. Living donor liver transplantation for pediatric patients with metabolic disorders: the Japanese multicenter registry. Pediatr Transplant. 2014;18:6–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Chan SC, Fan ST, Lo CM, Liu CL, Wei WI, Chik BH, Wong J. A decade of right liver adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation: the recipient mid-term outcomes. Ann Surg. 2008;248:411–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Chen CL, Kabiling CS, Concejero AM. Why does living donor liver transplantation flourish in Asia? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;10:746–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Bukowicka B, Akar RA, Olszewska A, Smoter P, Krawczyk M. The occurrence of postreperfusion syndrome in orthotopic liver transplantation and its significance in terms of complications and short-term survival. Ann Transplant. 2011;16:26–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Matsusaki T, Hilmi IA, Planinsic RM, Humar A, Sakai T. Cardiac arrest during adult liver transplantation: a single institution’s experience with 1238 deceased donor transplants. Liver Transpl. 2013;19:1262–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Lee SH, Gwak MS, Choi SJ, Shin YH, Ko JS, Kim GS, Lee SY, Kim MH, Park HG, Lee SK, Jeon HJ. Intra-operative cardiac arrests during liver transplantation—a retrospective review of the first 15 yr in Asian population. Clin Transplant. 2013;27:E126–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Raval Z, Harinstein ME, Skaro AI, Erdogan A, DeWolf AM, Shah SJ, Fix OK, Kay N, Abecassis MI, Gheorghiade M, Flaherty JD. Cardiovascular risk assessment of the liver transplant candidate. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:223–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Wray C, Scovotti JC, Tobis J, Niemannc CU, Planinsice R, Waliaf A, Findlay J, Wagener G, Cywinski JB, Markovic D, Hughes C, Humark A, Olmos A, Sierra R, Busuttill R, Steadman RH. Liver transplantation outcome in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease: a multi-institutional study. Am J Transplant. 2013;13:184–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hepatic Transplantation Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Jefferson College of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 111 S. 11th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA

    Yoogoo Kang M.D.

Authors
  1. Yoogoo Kang M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoogoo Kang M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Kathirvel Subramaniam

  2. Department of Anesthesiology The Clinical and Translational Science Institute The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Tetsuro Sakai

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kang, Y. (2017). Liver Transplantation: Historical Perspective. In: Subramaniam, K., Sakai, T. (eds) Anesthesia and Perioperative Care for Organ Transplantation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6377-5_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6377-5_25

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6375-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6377-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation