Abstract
The development of intravital microscopy has provided unprecedented capacity to study the tumor microenvironment in live mice. The dynamic behavior of cancer, stromal, vascular, and immune cells can be monitored in real time, in situ, in both primary tumors and metastatic lesions, allowing treatment responses to be observed at single cell resolution and therapies tracked in vivo. These features provide a unique opportunity to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying the biology and treatment of cancer. We describe here a method for imaging the microenvironment of subcutaneous tumors grown in mice using intravital microscopy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Elinav E, Nowarski R, Thaiss CA, Hu B, Jin C, Flavell RA (2013) Inflammation-induced cancer: crosstalk between tumours, immune cells and microorganisms. Nat Rev Cancer 13:759–771
Cook J, Hagemann T (2013) Tumour-associated macrophages and cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 13:595–601
Turley SJ, Cremasco V, Astarita JL (2015) Immunological hallmarks of stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol 15:669–682
Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2011) Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144:646–674
Pardoll DM (2012) The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 12:252–264
Topalian SL, Weiner GJ, Pardoll DM (2011) Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. J Clin Oncol 29:4828–4836
Norden AD, Drappatz J, Wen PY (2009) Antiangiogenic therapies for high-grade glioma. Nat Rev Neurol 5:610–620
Smyth MJ, Ngiow SF, Ribas A, Teng MWL (2015) Combination cancer immunotherapies tailored to the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 13:143–158. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.209
Moalli F, Proulx ST, Schwendener R, Detmar M, Schlapbach C, Stein JV (2015) Intravital and whole-organ imaging reveals capture of melanoma-derived antigen by lymph node subcapsular macrophages leading to widespread deposition on follicular dendritic cells. Front Immunol 6:114
Zal T, Chodaczek G (2010) Intravital imaging of anti-tumor immune response and the tumor microenvironment. Semin Immunopathol 32:305–317
Mempel TR, Bauer CA (2009) Intravital imaging of CD8+ T cell function in cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 26:311–327
Lohela M, Werb Z (2010) Intravital imaging of stromal cell dynamics in tumors. Curr Opin Genet Dev 20:72–78
Deguine J, Breart B, Lemaître F, Di Santo JP, Bousso P (2010) Intravital imaging reveals distinct dynamics for natural killer and CD8(+) T cells during tumor regression. Immunity 33:632–644
Ellenbroek SIJ, van Rheenen J (2014) Imaging hallmarks of cancer in living mice. Nat Rev Cancer 14:406–418
Breart B, Lemaître F, Celli S, Bousso P (2008) Two-photon imaging of intratumoral CD8+ T cell cytotoxic activity during adoptive T cell therapy in mice. J Clin Invest 118:1390–1397
Phan TG, Bullen A (2010) Practical intravital two-photon microscopy for immunological research: faster, brighter, deeper. Immunol Cell Biol 88:438–444
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
1 Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
4D multiphoton imaging of tumor microenvironment. Multiphoton intravital imaging of tumor cells (red), vessels (gray), virus infection (green), collagen/second harmonic (cyan). Image is composed of a z-stack of ten optical sections (8 μm per section) (MP4 2372 kb)
Spinning-disk imaging of lymphocyte populations within tumor vasculature. Spinning-disk confocal intravital imaging of CD4 (green), CD8 (blue) and NK cells (red) within the vasculature of a B16 tumor (MP4 761 kb)
Resonant-scanning confocal imaging of leukocytes within the tumor vasculature. Intravital imaging of cells stained for CD11b (red) and Ly6G (green) stained cells within vasculature or a CT26 tumor (MP4 3930 kb)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Naumenko, V., Jenne, C., Mahoney, D.J. (2016). Intravital Microscopy for Imaging the Tumor Microenvironment in Live Mice. In: Ursini-Siegel, J., Beauchemin, N. (eds) The Tumor Microenvironment. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1458. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3801-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3801-8_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3799-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3801-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols