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Physical Activity and Pregnancy

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Exercise and Human Reproduction

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Abstract

In this chapter, physiological adaptations to pregnancy are summarised as knowledge of the fundamental; physical adaptations that occur during pregnancy are important to understand the influence of physical activity on maternal and foetal outcomes. Cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and endocrine adaptations that occur during pregnancy are briefly explained while metabolic adaptations are specifically addressed due to the importance of the energy balance during pregnancy. Measuring physical activity during pregnancy, subjective versus objective, forms an integral part of the energy balance and is presented, specifically longitudinally; physical activity patterns are poorly understood and concurrently reviewed. Physical activity tends to decrease during pregnancy in spite of the conclusive evidence in the literature of the benefit of regular physical activity during pregnancy. The findings are not always communicated to pregnant women and this has led to a misconception that physical activity might be detrimental during pregnancy. The possible risk associated with physical activity is therefore discussed, as well as the guidelines for physical activity during pregnancy to ensure a beneficial and safe antenatal period. The importance of understanding the role of habitual physical activity in high-risk pregnancy is presented. Finally, the influences of physical activity during pregnancy on birth outcomes are addressed based on the hypothesis set by the “theory of foetal origins” that states that the maternal environment influences foetal growth.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physical activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private bag X6001, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa

    Sarah J. Moss PhD, MBA

  2. Physical activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

    Andries Fourie van Oort MSc

  3. Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Yves Schutz PhD

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  1. Sarah J. Moss PhD, MBA
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  2. Andries Fourie van Oort MSc
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  3. Yves Schutz PhD
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Correspondence to Sarah J. Moss PhD, MBA .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Cordoba Department of Morphological Sciences, Cordoba, Spain

    Diana Vaamonde

  2. Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg, South Africa

    Stefan S du Plessis

  3. Cleveland Clinic Foundation, American Centre for Reproductive Medicin Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Ashok Agarwal

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Moss, S., van Oort, A., Schutz, Y. (2016). Physical Activity and Pregnancy. In: Vaamonde, D., du Plessis, S., Agarwal, A. (eds) Exercise and Human Reproduction. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3402-7_16

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