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Typing and Subtyping Methods for Pathogenic Escherichia coli

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Detection and Typing Strategies for Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Food, Health, and Nutrition ((BRIEFSFOOD))

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Abstract

Typing and subtyping for the characterization of bacteria is important for epidemiological investigations into infectious diseases as well as for research purposes. Understanding the relationships between E. coli isolates from different samples is valuable in determining if an outbreak is occurring, identifying the sources of outbreaks, and to initiate recalls preventing further spread of the disease. Many methods have been developed for investigating the relationships between different isolates of E. coli over the past several decades. These have included both phenotypic and genetic-based methods. As sequencing technology has been developed and become more broadly available, new information about the genes present in pathogenic E. coli has been determined and many typing and subtyping methods based on the presence/absence of specific genes or differences in gene sequences have been published. This has led to a move away from more traditional phenotypic-based tests, such as biochemical profiling and serotyping, toward molecular and sequenced-based typing methods. Different methods provide various degrees of discrimination with highly discriminatory typing systems required for epidemiological investigations to provide links between cases of an outbreak and a potential food source. Such methods have become essential in tracking global outbreaks of foodborne disease. Understanding the global distributions of pathotypes and how they have evolved requires less discriminatory methods which have provided useful information about the history of how pathogenic E. coli have evolved. The need for suitable typing methods for understanding the epidemiology of outbreaks and the evolution of foodborne pathogens will continue as food distribution continues to be a global concern and foodborne pathogens continue to cause outbreaks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Riccarton, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Lucia Rivas

  2. CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia

    Glen E. Mellor

  3. CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Werribee VIC, Victoria, Australia

    Kari Gobius & Narelle Fegan

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Rivas, L., Mellor, G., Gobius, K., Fegan, N. (2015). Typing and Subtyping Methods for Pathogenic Escherichia coli . In: Detection and Typing Strategies for Pathogenic Escherichia coli. SpringerBriefs in Food, Health, and Nutrition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2346-5_3

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