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Brain Tumor Stem Cells

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Molecular Pathology of Nervous System Tumors

Part of the book series: Molecular Pathology Library ((MPLB,volume 8))

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Abstract

In this chapter, we summarized the current understanding of stem cell biology in brain tumors, as well as emerging concepts. We have approached the issue from two perspectives: the cell of origin of brain tumors and cancer stem cells in brain tumors (BTSCs). Throughout the chapter, we discussed the possibility of neurogenic niches in normal brain as the putative origin of brain tumors and we highlighted molecular signatures and signaling pathways implicated in BTSC biology. Due to their intrinsic resistance to chemoradiotherapy and their highly tumorigenic nature, BTSCs represent attractive therapeutic targets. However, lack of universal molecular markers identifying BTSCs and complex interplay between signaling pathways regulating BTSC biology have thus far impaired the successful clinical implementation of directed therapeutics toward these cells. Furthermore, the overlap between molecular signatures in BTSCs and normal adult stem cells complicates the issue further due to putative toxicity. We believe that a better understanding of cellular heterogeneity and hierarchy in these tumors will be crucial to overcoming these issues and designing effective therapies against brain tumors and other malignancies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, ACLS 450 East 29th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA

    N. Sumru Bayin B.S., M.S. & Aram S. Modrek B.S.

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, Brain Tumor Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, 530 First Ave, Skirball 8R-303, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Dimitris G. Placantonakis M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. N. Sumru Bayin B.S., M.S.
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  2. Aram S. Modrek B.S.
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  3. Dimitris G. Placantonakis M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Dimitris G. Placantonakis M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Otolaryngology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

    Matthias A. Karajannis

  2. Professor of Pathology and Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

    David Zagzag

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Bayin, N.S., Modrek, A.S., Placantonakis, D.G. (2015). Brain Tumor Stem Cells. In: Karajannis, M., Zagzag, D. (eds) Molecular Pathology of Nervous System Tumors. Molecular Pathology Library, vol 8. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1830-0_2

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