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Bone Marker and Immunohistochemistry Changes in Toxic Environments

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Technical Aspects of Toxicological Immunohistochemistry

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Abstract

Osteoblast, osteoclast and osteocyte are bone cells which are affected by toxic biological and chemical agents such as endotoxins, drugs, substance abuse, chemicals in diet and metals.

Bone cells produce certain proteins or chemicals when exposed to toxic condition. They can act as bone markers and could be detected with immunohistochemistry technique as reported by several studies on bone toxicity. As an example, via immunohistochemistry, endotoxins were found to elevate inflammatory cytokines: tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6. In another study, exposure to steroids was found to increase 11β-HSD1, Dmp1 and MMP-9 expressions, while fluoride was shown to alter the expression of bone matrix metalloproteinases within the mineralising bone.

Therefore, bone toxicity caused by certain agents could be demonstrated with immunohistochemistry technique. This provides a mean of detection for the prevention and treatment of bone damage induced by toxic agents.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bone Metabolism Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine UKM, Level 17, Preclinical Building, JlnYaacob Latiff, Bdr Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Ahmad Nazrun Shuid, Isa Naina Mohamed, Norliza Muhammad, Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli & Norazlina Mohamed

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  1. Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
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  2. Isa Naina Mohamed
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Correspondence to Ahmad Nazrun Shuid .

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  1. Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Regulatory Toxicology Research Division Food Directorate, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Syed A. Aziz

  2. Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Regulatory Toxicology Research Division Food Directorate, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Rekha Mehta

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Shuid, A.N., Mohamed, I.N., Muhammad, N., Ramli, E.S.M., Mohamed, N. (2016). Bone Marker and Immunohistochemistry Changes in Toxic Environments. In: Aziz, S., Mehta, R. (eds) Technical Aspects of Toxicological Immunohistochemistry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1516-3_10

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