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Synthesis of O-Linked Glycoconjugates in the Nervous System

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Glycobiology of the Nervous System

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 9))

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Abstract

Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. Lipids can be glycosylated as well. Membrane lipid, ceramide, is modified by the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide. Recent analyses have identified glucosylated lipids of cholesterol and phosphatidic acid. These O-linked carbohydrate residues are found primarily on the outer surface of the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. Their expression is cell or tissue specific and developmentally regulated. Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell–cell interactions.

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Abbreviations

CGT:

UDP-Gal:ceramide galactosyltransferase

ChlGlc:

Cholesterylglucoside

CST:

Cerebroside sulfotransferase

GalCer:

Galactosylceramide or cerebroside

GalNAc-T:

UDP-GalNAc: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

GCS:

UDP-Glc:ceramide glucosyltransferase, UGCG or GlcT-1

GlcCer:

Glucosylceramide

GSL:

Glycosphingolipid

LacCer:

Lactosylceramide

LARGE:

The like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

NCAM:

Neural cell adhesion molecule

POFUT1:

Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1

POMGNT1:

Protein O-linked mannose N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (beta 1,2-)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembranes and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan

    Jin-Ichi Inokuchi & Shinji Go

  2. Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Riken Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan

    Yoshio Hirabayashi

Authors
  1. Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
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  2. Shinji Go
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  3. Yoshio Hirabayashi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoshio Hirabayashi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

    Robert K. Yu

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

    Cara-Lynne Schengrund

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Inokuchi, JI., Go, S., Hirabayashi, Y. (2014). Synthesis of O-Linked Glycoconjugates in the Nervous System. In: Yu, R., Schengrund, CL. (eds) Glycobiology of the Nervous System. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 9. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_4

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