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Glycoconjugate Changes in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

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Glycobiology of the Nervous System

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 9))

Abstract

The significance of glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins is discussed in their relation to normal aging and pathological aging, aging with diseases. Healthy myelin that looks stable is found to be gradually degraded and reconstructed throughout life for remodeling. An exciting finding is that myelin P0 protein is located in neurons and glycosylated in aging brains. In pathological aging, the roles of glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins as risk factors or protective agents for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are discussed. Intensive studies have been performed aiming to remove the risks from and to restore the functional deficits of the brain. Some of them are expected to be translated to therapeutic means.

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Abbreviations

APP:

Amyloid precursor protein

Aβ:

Amyloid beta

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CBA:

Glucocerebrosidase

CNS:

Central nervous system

GnT-III:

N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III

LCB:

Long-chain base

MAP5:

Microtubule-associated protein 5

NCAM:

Neural cell adhesion molecule

NFTs:

Neurofibrillary tangles

OPC:

Oligodendrocyte precursor cell

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

P-gp:

P-glycoprotein

PSA:

Polysialic acid

SAP:

Serum amyloid P

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  1. Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Tokyo, Japan

    Susumu Ando

  2. Soka Royal Care Center, Saitama, 340-0001, Japan

    Susumu Ando

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  1. Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

    Robert K. Yu

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

    Cara-Lynne Schengrund

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Ando, S. (2014). Glycoconjugate Changes in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. In: Yu, R., Schengrund, CL. (eds) Glycobiology of the Nervous System. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 9. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_19

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