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Mitochondrial Lipid Peroxidation in Lung Damage and Disease

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Mitochondrial Function in Lung Health and Disease

Abstract

Eukaryotic cells possess distinct and double-membrane encapsulated organelles, the mitochondria. The mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell responsible for energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. A dark side of the mitochondrion is its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) at specific sites of electron transport chain (ETC) arising from incomplete reduction of molecular oxygen. The mitochondrion is not only a source of toxic ROS but also their target and thus becomes vulnerable to oxidative attack. The ROS-mediated peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in mitochondrial membrane lipids leads to cell damage and injury of the tissue leading to pathophysiological states. The mitochondrial inner membrane that houses the ETC responsible for the cellular bioenergetics possesses a unique phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids susceptible to the ROS-induced peroxidation. Peroxidized CL has emerged as an important player in the mitochondria-driven oxidant lung injury, apoptotic cell death, and lung diseases. This review discusses the nature of the mitochondrial membrane lipids, mechanisms and consequences of the ROS-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, and lipoperoxidative mechanisms of lung injury and diseases. Finally the pharmacological interventions of ROS-induced lung mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and mitochondriopathy that is involved in oxidant-induced lung damage and respiratory and lung diseases are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the support provided by the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine of the Ohio State University College of Medicine, the National Institute of Health (HL 093463 to NLP and P01 HL 98050 to VN), and the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT), and the Alan D. Clark, MD, Memorial Foundation.

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Correspondence to Narasimham L. Parinandi .

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Kotha, S.R. et al. (2014). Mitochondrial Lipid Peroxidation in Lung Damage and Disease. In: Natarajan, V., Parinandi, N. (eds) Mitochondrial Function in Lung Health and Disease. Respiratory Medicine, vol 15. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0829-5_6

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