Abstract
In most total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) for arthritic knees with intra-articular varus or valgus deformity, both alignment and ligament balance can be achieved with appropriate bone cuts and soft-tissue releases. However, TKA becomes technically challenging when knee arthritis is associated with an extra-articular deformity (EAD) of either the femur or the tibia. Such deformities are commonly caused secondary to trauma (malunion or non-union), previous osteotomy, metabolic causes such as osteomalacia or osteoporosis causing excessive bowing or stress fractures and congenital causes (Fig. 8.1). Stress fracture although uncommon is a frequent cause of tibial EAD in patients with knee arthritis.
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Mullaji, A.B., Shetty, G.M. (2014). Extra-Articular Deformity. In: Deformity Correction in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0566-9_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0566-9_8
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