Abstract
Refugees are one of the few groups of immigrants to the United States who are not required to have any vaccinations prior to arrival. Refugees are infrequently up-to-date with age appropriate vaccinations, although vaccination in accordance with the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) is mandated prior to both entrance into school and application for permanent resident status. A combination of vaccination records and laboratory testing of immunity is used to determine need for vaccinations. This chapter reviews recommendations for vaccination of both adult and child refugees.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Immigrant, Refugee and Migrant Health Branch. About refugees. CDC. 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/about-refugees.html. Accessed Jul 2013.
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). CDC. 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html. Accessed Jul 2013.
WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system, 2004 global summary. WHO. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. Accessed Jul 2013.
Immunization Action Coalition. 2013. http://www.immunize.org. Accessed Aug 2013.
Wu T, Lin H, Wang L. Chronic hepatitis B infection in adolescents who received primary infantile vaccination. Hepatology. 2013;57:37–45.
Ogbuanu I, Kutty P, Hudson J, et al. Impact of a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine on a mumps outbreak. Pediatrics. 2012;130(6):e1567–74.
CPT Codes for Refugee Medical Assistance. Office for Refugee Resettlement. 2012. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/medical-screening-protocol-for-newly-arriving-refugees. Accessed Aug 2013.
Technical instructions for vaccination for civil surgeons. CDC. 2009. http://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/exams/ti/civil/vaccination-civil-technical-instructions.html#changes. Accessed Jul 2013.
Plotkin S, Orenstein W, Offit P. Vaccines. 5th ed. London: Saunders Elsevier; 2008.
Quinlisk M. Mumps control today. J Infect Dis. 2010;202:655–6.
Greenaway C, Dongier P, Boivin J, et al. Susceptibility to measles, mumps, and rubella in newly arrived adult immigrants and refugees. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:20–4.
Barnett E, Christiansen D, Figueira M. Seroprevalence of measles, rubella, and varicella in refugees. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35(4):403–8.
Danovaro-Holliday M, LeBaron C, Allensworth C, et al. A large rubella outbreak with spread from the workplace to community. JAMA. 2000;284:2733–9.
Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases (The Pink Book). May 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/meas.pdf.
Pottie K, Greenaway C, Feightner J, et al. Evidence-based clinical guidelines for immigrants and refugees. CMAJ. 2011;183(12):E824–925.
Recommendations for routine testing and follow-up for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. CDC. 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/PDFs/ChronicHepBTestingFlwUp.pdf. Accessed Aug 2013.
Rossi C, Shrier I, Marshall L, et al. Seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and prior immunity in immigrants and refugees: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44611.
Interpretation of hepatitis B serologic test results. CDC. 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HBV/PDFs/SerologicChartv8.pdf. Accessed Aug 2013.
Lee B. Review of varicella zoster seroepidemiology in India and Southeast Asia. Trop Med Int Health. 1998;3:886–90.
Garnett G, Cox M, Bundy D, et al. The age of infection with varicella virus in St Lucia, West Indies. Epidemiol Infect. 1993;110:361–72.
Nysse L, Pinksy N, Bratberg J, et al. Seroprevalence of antibodies to varicella zoster virus among Somali refugees. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:175–80.
Figueira M, Christiansen D, Barnett E. Cost-effectiveness of serotesting compared with universal immunization for varicella in refugee children from six geographic regions. J Travel Med. 2003;10:203–7.
Breuer J, Schmid D, Gershon A. Use and limitations of varicella-zoster virus-specific serological testing to evaluate breakthrough disease in vaccines and to screen for susceptibility to varicella. J Infect Dis. 2008;197 Suppl 2:S147–51.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schumacher, E. (2014). Immunizations and Refugees. In: Annamalai, A. (eds) Refugee Health Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0271-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0271-2_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-0270-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0271-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)