Abstract
Conservative treatment is often the first step in management of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries, though it should be applied in the appropriate patient context. Specific features of the clinical history, injury mechanism, physical exam and imaging help guide the decision to pursue conservative treatment. Education, injury prevention and realistic patient expectations should be emphasized as important counselling aspects of non-operative treatment. Treatment modalities are aimed at reducing elbow pain and inflammation prior to initiating active rehabilitation. Rehabilitation for UCL injury involves global conditioning of the entire kinetic chain with correction of modifiable risk factors for elbow injury. Throwing athletes should undergo a supervised program of progressive throwing that emphasizes proper form and technique. The outcomes of non-operative management of UCL injury are often satisfactory in well-selected patients with optimal injury features.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ben Kibler W, Sciascia A. Kinetic chain contributions to elbow function and dysfunction in sports. Clin Sports Med. 2004;23(4):545–52, viii.
Chen FS, Rokito AS, Jobe FW. Medial elbow problems in the overhead-throwing athlete. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001;9(2): 99–113.
Grumet RC, Friel NA, Cole BJ. Bony avulsion of the medial ulnar collateral ligament in a gymnast: a case report. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010;19(7):e1–6.
Salvo JP, et al. Avulsion fracture of the ulnar sublime tubercle in overhead throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30(3):426–31.
Osbahr DC, et al. Does posteromedial chondromalacia reduce rate of return to play after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470(6):1558–64.
Ahmad CS, Park MC, Elattrache NS. Elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency alters posteromedial olecranon contact. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(7):1607–12.
Sugimoto H, Ohsawa T. Ulnar collateral ligament in the growing elbow: MR imaging of normal development and throwing injuries. Radiology. 1994;192(2):417–22.
Munshi M, et al. Anterior bundle of ulnar collateral ligament: evaluation of anatomic relationships by using MR imaging, MR arthrography, and gross anatomic and histologic analysis. Radiology. 2004;231(3):797–803.
Hill NB Jr, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of injury to the medial collateral ligament of the elbow: a cadaver model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9(5):418–22.
Shahabpour M, et al. The effectiveness of diagnostic imaging methods for the assessment of soft tissue and articular disorders of the shoulder and elbow. Eur J Radiol. 2008;65(2):194–200.
Kim NR, et al. MR imaging of ulnar collateral ligament injury in baseball players: value for predicting rehabilitation outcome. Eur J Radiol. 2011;80(3):e422–6.
Rahman RK, Levine WN, Ahmad CS. Elbow medial collateral ligament injuries. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2008;1(3–4):197–204.
Ellenbecker TS, et al. Medial elbow joint laxity in professional baseball pitchers. A bilateral comparison using stress radiography. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(3):420–4.
Byram IR, et al. Characterizing bone tunnel placement in medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction using patient-specific 3-dimensional computed tomography modeling. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(4):894–902.
Fleisig GS Andrews JR. Prevention of elbow injuries in youth baseball pitchers. Sports Health. 2012;4(5):419–24.
Safran M, Ahmad CS, Elattrache NS. Ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow. Arthroscopy. 2005;21(11):1381–95.
Frank C, et al. Electromagnetic stimulation of ligament healing in rabbits. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983;(175):263–72.
Ito MM, et al. Promotion of medial collateral ligament healing using a high-voltage electrical field. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2007;15(1):22–6.
Fleisig GS, et al. Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(2):233–9.
Marshall RN, Elliott BC. Long-axis rotation: the missing link in proximal-to-distal segmental sequencing. J Sports Sci. 2000;18(4):247–54.
Putnam CA. A segment interaction analysis of proximal-to-distal sequential segment motion patterns. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23(1):130–44.
Sciascia A, et al. Kinetic chain abnormalities in the athletic shoulder. Sports Med Arthrosc. 2012;20(1):16–21.
Hyman J, Breazeale NM, Altchek DW. Valgus instability of the elbow in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 2001;20(1):25–45, viii.
Park MC, Ahmad CS. Dynamic contributions of the flexor-pronator mass to elbow valgus stability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A(10):2268–74.
Hamilton CD, et al. Dynamic stability of the elbow: electromyographic analysis of the flexor pronator group and the extensor group in pitchers with valgus instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1996;5(5):347–54.
Fleisig GS, et al. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development. J Biomech. 1999;32(12):1371–5.
Dines JS, et al. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficits in baseball players with ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(3):566–70.
Garrison JC, et al. Shoulder range of motion deficits in baseball players with an ulnar collateral ligament tear. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(11):2597–603.
Wilk KE, et al. Correlation of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and total rotational motion to shoulder injuries in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(2):329–35.
Bisset L, et al. Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow: randomised trial. BMJ. 2006;333(7575):939.
Hart L, Corticosteroid and other injections in the management of tendinopathies: a review. Clin J Sport Med. 2011;21(6):540–1.
Mahler F Fritschy D. Partial and complete ruptures of the Achilles tendon and local corticosteroid injections. Br J Sports Med. 1992;26(1):7–14.
Nichols AW. Complications associated with the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of athletic injuries. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15(5):370–5.
Dodson CC, et al. Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow in professional football quarterbacks. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010;19(8):1276–80.
Kenter K, et al. Acute elbow injuries in the National Football League. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9(1):1–5.
Barnes DA, Tullos HS. An analysis of 100 symptomatic baseball players. Am J Sports Med. 1978;6(2):62–7.
Rettig AC, et al. Nonoperative treatment of ulnar collateral ligament injuries in throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29(1):15–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Iyengar, J., Ahmad, C. (2015). The Conservative Treatment of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries. In: Dines, J., Altchek, D. (eds) Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7540-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7540-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-7539-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-7540-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)