Abstract
Membrane alanyl aminopeptidase (APN, EC 3.4.1 1.2) is a 150-kDa metalloprotease which has been identified as the leukocyte surface differentiation antigen CD131. In humans the APN gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 15 (ql 1-gter)2 with the coding part of the gene encoded by 20 exons3. Within the haematopoetic system APN is dominantely expressed in cells of the myelo-monocytic lineage and is used, therefore, as a standard marker in the diagnosis of leukaemia. Aminopeptidase N of leukocytes is supposed to be involved in the degradation of neuropeptides4–7 and cytokines8,9, but its function remains to be fully elucidated. APN may function as a corona virus receptor10–13 and seems to contribute in tumor invasion and matrix degradation14–15. APN is also implicated in antigen processing16. Furthermore, anti-CD13 monoclonal antibodies have been shown to neutralize CMV17. In recent years evidence accumulated showing that malignant B and T cells18–23 as well as activated T cells24–26 are capable of expressing APN on the cell surface. A similar mechanism of induction may underlie the CD13 surface expression of tumor infiltrating T cells27, or T cells28 and NK cells29 derived from local sites of inflammation.
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Keywords
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Aminopeptidase Activity
- CD13 Surface Expression
- Corona Virus
- Aminopeptidase Inhibitor
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References
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Lendeckel, U. et al. (1997). Activation-Dependent Induction of T Cell Alanyl Aminopeptidase and Its Possible Involvement in T Cell Growth. In: Ansorge, S., Langner, J. (eds) Cellular Peptidases in Immune Functions and Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 421. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_8
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