Abstract
In formulating and executing broad spectrum research policy, it is important to understand how research thrusts have interrelated and evolved over time, how they are projected to evolve, and how different types of interventions from sponsors and policymakers can affect the evolution and impact of research. While a panel of experts could provide an acceptable view of the trends and interrelationships within a narrowly-defined research area, identification of the connectivity of a broad range of areas is well beyond the expertise of any one panel of experts, and perhaps beyond a group of panels. An integration of topics and trends requires supplementation to the standard peer or analyst group evaluation. Much recent effort has been focused on development of more objective quantitative approaches for analyzing and integrating written and survey information to supplement analysts or groups of peers in understanding research trends.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Bibliography
Amsler, B., “Research Towards the Development of a Lexical Knowledge Base for Natural Language Processing,” Proceedings of the 1989 SIGIR Conference, Association for Computing Machinery, Cambridge, MA 1989.
Bahl, L., Jelinek, F., and Mercer, R., “A Maximum Likelihood Approach to Continuous Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 5: 2, March 1983.
Bauin, S, S., “Aquaculture: A Field by Bureaucratic Fiat, “in: Callon, M., Law, J.’ and Rip, A., (eds.) “Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology” Macmillan Press Ltd., London, 1986.
Bauin, S., Courtial, J.P., Law, J., and Whittaker, J., “Policy and the Mapping of Scientific Change: A Co-word Analysis of Research into Environmental Acidification,” Scientometrics, 14: 3, 1988.
Benson, M., Benson, E., and Ilson, R., The BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English: A Guide to Word Combinations“, John Benjamins, Amsterdam and Philadelphia, 1986.
Blau, J.R., “Sociometric Structure of a Scientific Discipline,” in: Jones, R.A. (ed.) Research in the Sociology of Knowledge, Sciences, and Art: An Annual Compilation of Research I JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, 1978.
Braam, R., Moed, H., and Van Raan, A., “Mapping of Science by Combined Co-citation and Word Analysis. 1. Structural Aspects,“ Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42 (4), 1991a; “Mapping of Science by Combined Co-Citation and Word Analysis. 2. Dynamical Aspects,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42:4, 199 lb.
Callon M., Courtial, J. P., and Turner, W. A., “PROXAN: A Visual Display Technique for Scientific and Technical Problem Networks,” Second Workshop on the Measurement of RandD Output, Paris, France, December 5–6, 1979.
Callon, M., Courtial, J.P., Turner, W.A., and Bauin, S., “From Translations to Problematic Networks: An Introduction to Co-word Analysis,“ Social Science Information, 22, 1983.
Callon, M., “Pinpointing Industrial Invention: An Exploration of Quantitative Methods for the Analysis of Patents,” in: Callon, M.
Law, J., and Rip, A., (eds.) “Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology”, Macmillan Press Ltd., London, 1986.
Callon, M., Courtial, J.P., and Laville, F., “Co-word Analysis as a Tool for Describing the Network of Interactions between Basic and Technological Research: The Case of Polymer Chemistry,” Scientometrics, 22: 1, 1991a.
Callon, M., Courtial, J.P., Crance, P., Laredo, P., Mauguin, P., Rabeharisoa, V., Rocher, Y.A., and Vinck, D., “Tools for the Evaluation of Technological Programmes: an Account of Work Done at the Centre for the Sociology of Innovation,” Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 3:1, 199 lb.
Chomsky, N., “Aspect of the Theory of Syntax,” MIT Press, New York, NY, 1965.
Choueka, Y., Klein, T., and Neuwitz, E., “Automation Retrieval of Frequent Idiomatic and Collocational Expressions in a Large Corpus,” ALLC Journal, 4, 1983.
Choueka, Y., “Looking for Needles in a Haystack or Locating Interesting Collocational Expressions in Large Textual Databases,” Proceedings of the RIAO Conference on User-oriented Content-Based Text and Image Handling, Cambridge, MA, March 21–24, 1988.
Church, K., and Hanks, K, K., “Word Association Norms, Mutual Information, and Lexicography,” Proceedings of the 27th Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics, Vancouver, BC, 1989.
Church, K., and Gale, W., “Poor Estimates of Context are Worse Than None,” DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop, Hidden Valley, PA, June 1990.
Courtial, J.P., “Technical Issues and Developments in Methodology,” in: Callon, M., Law, J., and Rip, A.,(eds), Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World the MacMillan Press Ltd, London, England, 1986.
Courtial, J.P., and Law, J., “A Co-word Study of Artificial Intelligence,” Social Studies of Science, 19, 1989.
Courtial, J.P.’ Turner, W.A., and Michelet, B., “Scientific and Technological Information Banks for Research Networks Management Purposes,” Research Policy, 19, 199Oa.
Courtial, J.P., “A Mathematical Model of Development in a Research Field,” Scientometrics, 19, No. 1, 1990b.
De Saussure, F., Cours de Linguistique Generale,„ 4eme Edition, Librairie Payot, Paris, 1949.
Firth, J.,“A Synopsis of Linguistic Theory 1930–1955”, in Studies in Linguistic Analysis, Philological Society, Oxford; Reprinted in Palmer, F. (ed), Selected Papers of J. R. Firth Longman, Harlow, 1968.
Halliday, M. A. K., “Lexis as a Linguistic Level” in: Bazell et al (eds), “ In Memory of J. R. Firth,„ Longmans Linguistic Library, London, England, 1966.
Harris, Z., “Mathematical Structures of Language,” New York, Wiley, 1968.
Healey, P., Rothman, H., and Hoch, P., “An Experiment in Science Mapping for Research Planning,“ Research Policy, 15, 1986.
McCardell, R., “Lexical Selection for Natural Language Generation,” Technical Report, Computer Science Department, Univ of Md, 1988.
Hornby, A.S., Gatenby, E. V., and Wakefield, H., Idiomatic and Syntactic English Dictionary: Kaitakusha, Tokyo, Japan, 1942.
Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics,„ Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.
Kittredge, R., Polguere, A., and Goldberg, E., “Synthesizing Weather Forecasts from Formatted Data,” Proceedings of the Ilth COLING, Int’l Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1986.
Kostoff, R. N., “Word Frequency Analysis of Text Databases”, ONR Memorandum 5000 ser 10P4/ 1443, April 12, 1991a.
Kostoff, R.N., “A Quantitative Approach to Determining the Impact of Research”, Proceedings: Twenty-Second Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling and Simulation, May 2–3, 1991b.
Kostoff, R. N., “Database Tomography: Multidisciplinary Research
Thrusts from Co-Word Analysis,“ Proceedings: Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, October 27–31, 1991c.
Kostoff, R. N., “Research Impact Assessment,” Presented at Third International Conference on Management of Technology, Miami, FL, February 17–21, 1992.
Leydesdorff, L., “Various Methods for the Mapping of Science,” Scientometrics, 11, 1987.
Leydesdorff, L., “Words and Co-words as Indicators of the Intellectual Organization of the Sciences,” Presented to the EASST workshop in Amsterdam, December 1987.
Leydesdorff, L., “Words and Co-words as Indicators of Intellectual Organization,” Research Policy, 18, 1989.
Maarek, Y. S., and Smadja, F. A. A., “Full Text Indexing Based on Lexical Relations, An Application: Software Libraries,” Proceedings of the 12th International SIGIR, Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Cambridge, MA, 1989.
Mays, E., Damerau, F., and Mercer, R., “Context Based Spelling Correction,” IBM Nat’l Language ITL, IBM, Paris, France, Mar 1990.
Melcuk, I. A., “Meaning-Text Models: A Recent Trend in Soviet Linguistics,” The Annual Review of Anthropology, 1981.
McDonald James E., Plate, Tony A., and Schvaneveldt, Roger W., “Using Pathfinder to Extract Semantic Information From Text,” in: Schvaneveldt, Roger W.,ed., Pathfinder Associative Networks: Studies in Knowledge Organization Ablex Publishing Corp., 1990.
McKinnon, A, A., “From Co-occurrences to Concepts,” Computers and the Humanities 11, Pergamon Press, 1977.
Moed, H.F. and van Raan, A.F.J., “Indicators of Research Performance: Applications in University Research Policy,” in: Van Raan, A.F.J., ed., Handbook of Ouantitative Studies of Science and Technology North Holland, 1988.
Mullins, N., Snizek, W., and Oehler, K., “The Structural Analysis of a Scientific Paper,” in: Van Raan, A.F.J.,ed., Handbook of Quantitative Studies of Science and Technology North Holland, 1988.
Nirenburg, S., “Lexicon Building in Natural Language Processing,” Program and Abstracts of the 15th International ALLC, Conference of the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing, Jerusalem, Israel, June 1988.
Peters, H. and Van Raan, A., “Co-Word Based Science Maps of Chemical Engineering,” Research Report to the Netherlands Foundation for Technological Research (CWTS-9I-OO), April 1991.
Rip, A., and Courtial, J.P., “Co-word Maps of Biotechnology: An Example of Cognitive Scientometrics,” Scientometrics, 6: 6, 1984.
Rip, A., “Mapping of Science: Possibilities and Limitations,” in: Van Raan, A.F.J., ed., Handbook of Quantitative Studies of Science and Technology North Holland, 1988
Salton, G., and McGill, m. J., Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval,„ Computer Series, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 1983.
Salton, G., Automatic Text Processing: The Transformation, Analysis, and Retrieval of Information by Computer,„ Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, New York, NY, 1989.
Smadja, F., “Lexical Cooccurrence: The Missing Link in Language Acquisition,” 15th International ALLC, Conference of the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing, Jerusalem, Israel, 1988.
Smadja, F, F., “Macrocoding the Lexicon with Cooccurrence Knowledge for Language Generation,” Columbia University, Computer Science Department, Technical Report CUC5–630–89, 1989.
Smadja, F, F., “Extracting Collocations from Text. An Application: Language Generation,” PhD Thesis, Columbia University, 1991.
Sparck Jones, K., Automatic Keyword Classification for Information Retrieval,„ Butterworths, London, 1971.
Sparck Jones, K. and Tait, J. I., “Automatic Search Variant Generation,” Journal of Documentation, 40: 1, March 1984.
Turner, W.A., Chartron, G., Laville, F., and Michelet, B., “Packaging Information for Peer Review: New Co-Word Analysis Techniques,” in: Van Raan, A.F.J., ed., Handbook of Ouantitative Studies of Science and Technology North Holland, 1988
Van Raan, A. and Tijssen, R., “The Neural Net of Neural Network Research: An Exercise in Bibliometric Mapping,” Centre for Science and Technology Studies, University of Leiden, To Be Published.
Van Rijsbergen, K., Information Retrieval,„ 2nd Edition, Butterworths, London, 1979.
Whittaker, J.’ “Creativity and Conformity in Science: Titles, Keywords and Co-word Analysis, ” Social Studies of Science, 19, 1989.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kostoff, R.N. (1993). Co-Word Analysis. In: Bozeman, B., Melkers, J. (eds) Evaluating R&D Impacts: Methods and Practice. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5182-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5182-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-5135-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-5182-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive