Abstract
What constitutes a hallucinogenic agent; what is the definition of hallucinogenic What effects are commonly produced by hallucinogens? How are hallucinogenic agents classified? Chemically, what are the structural requirements for hallucinogenic activity? How do hallucinogenic agents work? Interestingly, and perhaps counterintuitively, these questions are roughly listed in descending order of difficulty. Actually, there is more agreement today on how hallucinogens work than on a definition of the term hallucinogen.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Brimblecombe, R. W., and Pinder, R. M. (1975). Hallucinogenic agents. Bristol, England: Wright-Scientechnica.
Caine, D. B., McDonald, R. J., Horowski, R., and Wuttke, W. (1983). Lisuride and other dopamine agonists. New York: Raven.
Colpaert, E C., and Slangen, J. L. (Eds.). (1982). Drug discrimination: Applications in CNS pharmacology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press.
Fiorella, D., Rabin, R. A., and Winter, J. C. (1995). The role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the stimulus effects of hallucinogenic drugs: I. Antagonist correlation analysis. Psychopharmacology, 121, 347–356.
Glennon, R. A. (1992). Animal models for assessing classical hallucinogens. In A. A. Boulton, G. B. Baker, and P. H. Wu (Eds.), Animal models for the assessment of psychoactive drugs (pp. 345–381 ). Clifton, NJ: Humana.
Glennon, R. A. (1994). Classical hallucinogens: An introductory overview. In G. C. Lin and R. A. Glennon (Eds.), Hallucinogens: An update (pp. 4–32 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Glennon, R. A. (1996). Classical hallucinogens. In C. R. Schuster and M. J. Kuhar (Eds.), Pharmacological aspects of drug dependence (pp. 343–372 ). Berlin: Springer.
Glennon, R. A., Rosecrans, J. A., and Young, R. (1982). Use of the drug discrimination paradigm for studying hallucinogenic agents. In E C. Colpaert and J. L. Slangen (Eds.), Drug discrimination: Applications in CNS pharmacology (pp. 69–96 ). Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press.
Glennon, R. A., Teitler, M., and McKenney, J. D. (1984). Evidence for involvement of 5-HT, receptors in the mechanism of action of hallucinogenic agents. Life Sciences. 35, 2505–2509.
Glennon, R. A., Jarbe, T. U. C., and Frankenheim, J. (Eds.). (1991). Drug discrimination: Applications to drug abuse research. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Glennon, R. A., Young, R., Dukat, M., and Cheng, Y. (1997). Initial characterization of PMMA as a discriminative stimulus. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 57, 151–158.
Hoffer, A., and Osmond, H. (1967). The hallucinogens. New York: Academic Press.
Hollister, L. E. (1968). Chemical psychoses. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
Hollister, L. E. (1984). Effects of hallucinogens in humans. In B. L. Jacobs (Ed.), Hallucinogens: Neurochemical, behavioral, and clinical perspectives (pp. 19–33 ). New York: Raven.
Hoyer, D., Clarke, D. E., Fozard, J. R., Hartig, P. R., Martin, G. R., Myelecharane, E. J., Saxena, P. R., and Humphrey, P. A. (1994). International Union of Pharmacology classification of receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Pharmacological Reviews, 46, 158–203.
lsmaiel, A. M., De Los Angeles, J., Teitler, M., Ingher, S., and Glennon, R. A. (1993). Antagonism of the 1-(2,5-di methoxy-4-methy I phenyl)-2-aminopropane stimulus with a newly identified 5-HT,- versus 5-HTic selective antagonist. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 36, 2519–2525.
lsmaiel, A. M., Dukat, M., Nelson, D. L., Lucaites, V. L., and Glennon, R. A. (1996). Binding of N2-substituted pyrido[4,3-b]indole analogs of spiperone at human serotonin receptors. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 6, 179–211.
Jacob, P., and Shulgin, A. T. (1994). Structure-activity relationships of the classical hallucinogens and their analogs. In G. C. Lin and R. A. Glennon (Eds.), Hallucinogens: An update (pp. 74–91 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Lin, G. C., and Glennon, R. A. (Eds.). (1994). Hallucinogens: An update. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Murphree, H. B., Dippey, R. H., Jenney, E. H., and Pfeiffer, C. C. (1961). Effects in normal man of a-methyltryptamine and a-ethyltryptamine. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2, 722–726.
Naranjo, C. (1973). The healing journey. New York: Pantheon.
Nelson, D. L. (1993). The serotonin, (5-HT2) subfamily of receptors: Pharmacological challenges. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 3, 306–316.
Nelson, D. L., Glennon, R. A., and Wainscott, D. B. ( 1994, July-August). Comparison of the affinities of hallucinogenic phenylalkylamines at the cloned human 5-HT2A, 2B and 2C receptors. [Abstract #120, p. 116]. Third IUPHAR Satellite Meeting on Serotonin, Chicago.
Nichols, D. E., and Glennon, R. A. (1984). Medicinal chemistry and structure-activity relationships of hallucinogens. In B. L. Jacobs (Ed.), Hallucinogens: Neurochemical, behavioral, and clinical perspectives (pp. 95–142 ). New York: Raven.
Nichols, D. E., and Oberlender, R. (1989). Structure-activity. relationships of MDMA-like substances. In K. Ashgar and E. B. De Souza (Eds.), Pharmacology and toxicology of amphetamine and related designer drugs (pp. 1–29 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Pfaff, R. C., Huang, X., Marona-Lewicka, D., Oberlender, R., and Nichols, D. E. (1994). Lysergamides revisited. In G. C. Lin and R. A. Glennon (Eds.), Hallucinogens: An update (pp. 52–73 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Schreiber, R., Brocco, M., and Millan, M. J. (1994). Blockade of the discriminative stimulus effects of DOI by MDL 100,907, and the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and risperidone. European Journal of Pharmacology, 264, 99–102.
Shulgin, A., and Shulgin, A. (1991). Pihkal. Berkeley, CA: Transform.
Siva Sankar, D. V. (1975). LSD-A total study. Westbury, NY: PJD.
Strassman, R. J. (1994). Human hallucinogenic drug research: Regulatory, clinical, and scientific issues. In G. C. Lin and R. A. Glennon (Eds.), Hallucinogens: An update (pp. 92–123 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Szara, S. (1994). Are hallucinogens psychoheuristic? In G. C. Lin and R. A. Glennon (Eds.), Hallucinogens: An update (pp. 33–51 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Weissman, A. (1978). Generalization of the discriminative stimulus properties of 4°-tetrahydrocannabinol to cannabinoids with therapeutic potential. In E. C. Colpaert and J. A. Rosecrans (Eds.), Stimulus properties of drugs: Ten years of progress (pp. 99–122 ). Amsterdam: Elsevier North Holland Biomedical Press.
Woolley, D. W. (1962). The biochemical bases of psychoses. New York: Wiley.
Young, R., and Glennon, R. A. (1996). A three-lever operant procedure differentiates the stimulus effects of R(-)MDA from S(+)MDA. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 276, 594–601.
Young, R., Hong, S., and Glennon, R. A. (1996). a-ET: A tryptamine version of MDA? In L. S. Harris (Ed.), Problems of drug dependence 1995 (p. 357 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Glennon, R.A. (1998). Pharmacology of Hallucinogens. In: Tarter, R.E., Ammerman, R.T., Ott, P.J. (eds) Handbook of Substance Abuse. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2913-9_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2913-9_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3297-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2913-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive