Abstract
The practicing mental-health professional must have a clear understanding of the various causes of child psychopathology. Broadly speaking, the influences affecting the growth and development of a child include both biological and psychosocial factors. The biological influences include: (1) genetically determined biological variables and (2) nongenetic biological influences, such as toxic substances affecting the nervous system, prematurity, anoxia (lack of oxygen) during delivery, or insult or injury to the central nervous system. The psychosocial influences include: (1) cultural-socioeconomic variables and the environmental influence of the family; (2) the psycho-dynamic variables present in the family system; and (3) the influence of learning on the developing child.
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Willis, D.J., Walker, C.E. (1989). Etiology. In: Ollendick, T.H., Hersen, M. (eds) Handbook of Child Psychopathology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1162-2_2
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