Skip to main content

Assays for Activities of Nematocyst Venoms and Their Components

  • Chapter
Hydra: Research Methods
  • 220 Accesses

Abstract

A number of bioassays and biochemical tests for components of the nematocyst venom of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida are described here in the anticipation that some or all may apply to components of the venom of the penetrant nematocysts (i.e., stenoteles) of hydra. They include assays for toxicity in representative vertebrates (mice) and crustaceans (fiddler crabs), hemolysis of red blood cells, phospholipase activity, and neurotoxicity on crayfish nerve.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bartlett, G. R. 1959. Phosphorus assay in column chromatography. f. Biol. Chem, 234: 466–468.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bligh, E. G., and Dyer, W. J. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37: 911–917.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denis, E. A. 1973. Kinetic dependence of phospholipase A2 activity on the detergent Triton X-100. J. Lipid Res. 14: 152–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folch, J., Lees, M., and Stanley, G. H. S. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226:497–509

    Google Scholar 

  • Hessinger, D. A., and Lenhoff, H. M. 1973. Assay and properties of the hemolysis activity of pure venom from the nematocysts of the acontia of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. Arch. issiochern. Biophys. 159:629–638

    Google Scholar 

  • Hessinger, D. A., and Lenhoff, H. M. 1976. Mechanism of hemolysis induced by nematocyst venom: Roles of phospholipase A and direct lytic factor. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 173: 603–613.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikezawa, H. 1963. The kinetic analysis of hemolysis by Clostridium perfringens (Cl. welchil) alpha-toxin (phospholipase C). J. Biochem. 54: 301–311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeæawa, H. 1964. Comparative kinetics of hemolysis of mammalian erythrocytes by Clostridium perfizngens alpha-toxin (phospholipase C). J. Biochem, 55: 217–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, D. F., and Padilla, G. M. 1971. Ilemolysis induced by Prvmnesium parvun: toxin: Kinetics and binding. Briochim. Biophys. Acta. 241: 213–225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narahashi, T., Moore, J. W., and Shapiro, B. I. 1969. Condylactis toxin: Interaction with nerve membrane ionic conductances. Science 163: 680–681.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pastor, Z. 1973. Pharmocology and mode of action of prymnesin. In: Marine Pharrnocognosy ( D. F. Martin and G. M. Padilla, eds.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathmayer, W., lessen, B., and Beress, L. 1975. On the effect of purified toxins of two sea anemones species (Coelenterata) on neuromuscular transmission in the cray fish. Naturwissenschaften 62: 538–539.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, B. I. 1968. A site of action of toxin from the sea anemone Condylactis gigantea. Consp. Biochem. Physiol. 27: 519–531.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tu, A. 1977. Venoms: Chemistry and Molecular Biology. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Harreveld, A. 1936. A physiological solution for fresh water crustaceans. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 34: 428–432.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hessinger, D.A. (1983). Assays for Activities of Nematocyst Venoms and Their Components. In: Lenhoff, H.M. (eds) Hydra: Research Methods. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0596-6_49

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0596-6_49

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0598-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0596-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics