Abstract
Investigations concerning the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease initially focused on neurotransmitters, enzymes involved in their synthesis and their neuronal receptors. It eventually became apparent that abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems were probably not the cause of Alzheimer’s disease, but rather the result of it, i.e. dead or dying neurons failed to synthesize the neurotransmitters and receptors found to be depleted in this disease. Since the major pathological findings in Alzheimer’s disease are neuronal loss, neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloidosis, a major emphasis on delineating the nature of these lesions appeared to offer an approach to the understanding of the nature of this disease. These studies employing protein chemistry have resulted in new pathologic concepts and the introduction of molecular biology in the deciphering of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
E.D. Eanes and G.G. Glenner, X-ray diffraction studies of amyloid filaments, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 16: 673 (1968).
G.G. Glenner, D. Ein, E.D. Eanes, H.A. Bladen, W. Terry, and D. Page, The creation of “amyloid” fibrils from Bence Jones proteins in vitro, Science 174: 712 (1971).
G.G. Glenner, Amyloid deposits and amyloidosis: the Bfibrilloses (Medical Progress Report), N. Engl. J. Med. 302: 1283, 1333 (1980).
G.G. Glenner, J.H. Henry, and S. Fujihara, Congophilic angiopathy in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s degeneration, Ann. Pathologie. 1: 120 (1981).
G.G. Glenner and C.W. Wong, Alzheimer’s disease: initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120: 885 (1984).
G.G. Glenner and C.W. Wong, Alzheimer’s disease and Down’s syndrome: sharing of a unique cerebrovascular amyloid fibril protein, Biochem. Biophvs. Res.Commun. 122: 1131 (1984).
N.K. Robakis, H.M. Wisniewski, E.C. Jenkins, E.A. Devine-Gage, G.E. Houck, X.-L. Yao, N. Ramakrishna, G. Wolfe, W.P. Silverman, and W.T. Brown, Chromosome 21q21 sublocalisation of gene encoding beta-amyloid peptide in cerebral vessels and neuritic (senile) plaques of people with Alzheimer’s disease and Down’s syndrome (Letter), Lancet i: 384 (1987).
J. Kang, H.G. Lemaire, A. Unterbeck, K.H. Grzeschik, G. Multhaup, K. Beyreuther, and B. Muller Hill, The precursor of Alzheimer’s disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell surface receptor, Nature 235: 733 (1987).
T. Oltersdorf, L.C. Fritz, D.B. Schenk, I. Lieberburg, K.L. Johnson-Wood, E.C. Beattie, P.J. Ward, R.W. Blacher, H.F. Dovey, and S. Sinha, The secreted form of the Alzheimer’s amyloid precursor protein with the Kunitz domain is protease nexin-II, Nature 341: 144 (1989).
P.H. St. George-Hyslop, R.E. Tanzi, R.J. Polinsky, J.L. Haines, L. Nee, P.C. Watkins, R.H. Myers, R.G. Feldman, D. Pollen, D. Drachman, J. Growdon, A. Bruni, J.-F. Foncin, D. Salmon, P. Frommelt, L. Amaducci, S. Sorbi, S. Piacentini, G.D. Stewart, W.J. Hobbs, P.M. Conneally, and J.F. Gusella, The genetic defect causing familial Alzheimer’s disease maps on chromosome 21, Science 235: 885 (1987).
C.W. Wong, W.V. Quaranta, and G.G. Glenner, Neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease are antigenically related, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 8729 (1985).
B. Rumble, R. Retallack, C. Holbich, G. Simms, G. Multhaup, R. Martins, A. Hockey, P. Montgomery, K. Beyreuther, and C.L. Masters, Amyloid A4 protein and its precursor in Down’s syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease, N. Engl. J. Med. 320: 1446 (1989).
G.G. Glenner, Future directions in amyloid research, in: “Amyloidosis”, J. Marrink and M.H. Van Rijswijk, eds., M. Nijhoff, Dordrecht (1986).
S.-I. Ikeda, D. Allsop, and G.G. Glenner, Morphology and distribution of plaque and related deposits in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease and control cases, Lab. Invest. 60: 113 (1989).
S.-I. Ikeda, N. Yanagisawa, D. Allsop, and G.G. Glenner, Evidence of amyloid B-protein immunoreactive early plaque lesions in Down’s syndrome brains, Lab. Invest. 61: 133 (1989).
S.-I. Ikeda, D. Allsop, and G.G. Glenner, Probable early pathological changes in the Alzheimer’s disease brain demonstrated by immunohistochemistry with anti-ß protein antibody, Human Pathol., in press.
J. Ghiso, F. Tagliavini, W.F. Timmers, and B. Frangione, Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein is present in senile plaques and cerebrospinal fluid: Immunohistochemical and biochemical characterization, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 163: 430 (1989).
T. Miyakawa, A. Shimoji, R. Kuramoto, and Y. Higuchi, The relationship between senile plaques and cerebral blood vessels in Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia: Morphological mechanisms of senile plaque production, Virchows Arch. [B] 40: 121, 1982.
J.-M. Delabar, D. Goldgaber, Y. Lamour, A. Nicole, J.-L. Huret, J. de Grouchy, P. Brown, D.C. Gajdusek, P.-M. Sinet, ß-amyloid gene duplication in Alzheimer’s disease and karyotypically normal Down’s syndrome, Science 235: 1390 (1987).
H. Furuya, H. Sasaki, I. Goto, C.W. Wong, G.G. Glenner, and Y. Sakaki, Amyloid ß-protein gene duplication is not common in Alzheimer’s disease: Analysis by polymorphic restriction fragments, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 150: 75 (1988).
C. Van Broeckhoven, A.M. Genthe, A. Vandenberghe, B. Horsthemke, H. Backhovens, P. Raeymaekers, W. Van Hul, A. Wehnert, J. Gheuens, P. Cras, M. Bruyland, J.J. Martin, M. Salbaum, G. Multhaup, C.L. Masters, K. Beyreuther, H.M.D. Gurling, M.J. Mullan, A. Holland, A. Barton, N. Irving, R. Williamson, S.J. Richards, and J.A. Hardy, Failure of familial Alzheimer’s disease to segregate with the A4-amyloid gene in several European families, Nature 329: 153 (1987).
R.E. Tanzi, J.F. Gusella, P.C. Watkins, G.A.P. Bruns, P. St. George-Hyslop, M.L. Van Keuren, D. Patterson, S. Pagan, D.M. Kurnit, and R.L. Neve, Amyloid B protein gene: cDNA, mRNA distribution, and genetic linkage near the Alzheimer locus, Science 235: 880 (1987).
D. Allsop, C.W. Wong, S. Ikeda, M. Landon, M. Kidd, and G.G. Glenner, Immunohistochemical evidence for the derivation of a peptide ligand from the amyloid ß-protein precursor of Alzheimer disease, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85: 2790 (1988).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Glenner, G.G. (1990). Proteins and Proteolysis in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. In: Nagatsu, T., Fisher, A., Yoshida, M. (eds) Basic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 38A. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5844-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5844-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5846-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5844-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive