Abstract
The morphology and cellular interconnections within the nervous system of higher organisms arise as a result of complex cell-cell interactions occurring throughout development. In order to identify the cell surface molecules mediating the adhesion that regulates many of these interactions, a variety of assays have been used and several molecules have been proposed to be involved in neural cell adhesion (Merrell et al., 1975; Hausman and Moscona, 1976; Urushihara et al., 1979; Marchase et al., 1981; Magnani et al., 1981; Grunwald et al., 1982; Roth and Pierce, 1982; Sadoul et al., 1983; Lindner et al., 1983). In our laboratory, an immunological approach devised by one of us (GME) led to the identification (Brackenbury et al., 1977; Thiery et al., 1977) and purification of a protein involved in calcium-independent neural cell adhesion which has been named the neural cell adhesion molecule or N-CAM. A number of other CAMs of different structure and specificity have since been identified (See Edelman, 1983, for a review).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Brackenbury, R., Thiery, J.-P., Rutishauser, U. and Edelman, G.M. (1977) Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. I. An immunological assay for molecules involved in cell-cell binding. J. Biol. Chem. 252:6835–6840.
Buskirk, D.R., Thiery, J.-P., Rutishauser, U., and Edelman, G.M. (1980) Antibodies to a neural cell adhesion molecule disrupt histogenesis in cultured check retinae. Nature 285:488–489.
Chuong, C-M., McClain, D.A., Streit, P., and Edelman, G.M. (1982) Neural cell adhesion molecules in rodent brains isolated by monoclonal antibodies with cross-species reactivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:4234–4238.
Cunningham, B.A., Hoffman, S., Rutishauser, U., Hemperly, J.J., and Edelman, G.M. (1983) Molecular topography of N-CAM: surface orientation and the location of sialic acid-rich and binding regions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:3116–3120.
Edelman, G. M. (1983) Cell adhesion molecules. Science 219: 450–457.
Edelman, G.M. and Chuong, C.-M. (1982) Embryonic to adult conversion of neural cell adhesion molecules in normal and staggerer mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:7036–7040.
Edelman, G.M., Gallin, W. J., Delouvee, A., Cunningham, B.A., and Thiery, J.-P. (1983) Early epochal maps of two different cell adhesion molecules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4383–4388.
Edelman. G.M. Cell adhesion and morphogenesis: The regulator hypothesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, in press.
Finne, J., Finne, U., Deagostini-Bazin, H., and Goridis, C. (1983) Occurrence of α2–8 linked polysialosyl units in a neural cell adhesion molecule. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Coram. 112: 482–487.
Greenberg, M.E., Blackenbury, R., and Edelman, G.M. Alteration of N-CAM expression following neuronal cell transformation by Rous sarcoma virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA in press.
Grumet, M., Rutishauser, U., and Edelman, G.M. (1982) Neural cell adhesion molecule is on embryonic muscle cells and mediates adhesion to nerve cells in vitro. Nature 295: 693–695.
Grunwald, G.B., Pratt, R.S., and Lilien, J. (1982) Enzyme dissection of embryonic cell adhesive mechanisms. III. Immunological identification of a component of the calcium-dependent adhesive system of embryonic chick neural retina cells. J.Cell Sci. 55:69–83.
Hausman, R.E., and Moscona, A.A. (1976) Isolation of a retina-specific cell-aggregating factor from membranes of embryonic neural retina tissue. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 73:3594–3598.
Hoffman, S. and Edelman, G.M. (1983) Kinetics of homophilic binding by E and A forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:5762–5766.
Hoffman, S., Sorkin, B.C., White, P.C., Brackenbury, R., Mailhammer, R., Rutishauser, U., Cunningham, B.A. and Edelman, G.M. (1982) Chemical characterization of a neural cell adhesion molecule purified from embryonic brain membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 257:7720–7729.
Lindner, J., Rathjen, F.G., and Schachner, M. (1983) L1 mono- and polyclonal antibodies modify cell migration in early postnatal mouse cerebellum. Nature 305:427–430.
Magnani, J.L., Thomas, W.A. and Steinberg, M.S. (1981) Two distinct adhesion mechanisms in embryonic chick neural retina cells. I. A kinetic analysis. Dev. Biol. 81:96–105.
Marchase, R.B., Harges, P., and Jakoi, E.R. (1981) Ligatin from embryonic chick neural retina inhibits retinal cell adhesion. Dev. Biol. 86:250–255.
McClain, D.A. and Edelman, G.M. (1982) A neural cell adhesion molecule from human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 79:6380–6384.
Merrell, R., Gottlieb, D.I. and Glaser, L. (1975) Embryonal cell surface recognition. Extraction of an active plasma membrane component. J. Biol. Chem 250:5655–5659.
Roth, S. and Pierce, J.M. (1982) A possible role for the ganglioside GM2 in the development of the avian visual projection, in “Membranes and Genetic Disease”, J.R. Sheppard and V. Elving Anderson eds., Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, p. 165–172.
Rothbard, J.B., Brackenbury, R., Cunningham, B.A. and Edelman, G.M. (1982) Differences in the carbohydrate structures of neural cell-adhesion molecules from adult and embryonic chicken brains. J. Biol. Chem. 257:11064–11069.
Rutishauser, U., Gall, W.E., and Edelman, G.M. (1981) Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. IV. Role of the cell surface molecule CAM in the formation of neurite bundles in cultures of spinal ganglia. J. Cell Biol. 79:382–393.
Rutishauser, U., Grumet, M., and Edelman, G.M. (1983) N-CAM mediates initial interactions between spinal cord neurons and muscle cells in culture. J. Cell Biol. 97:145–152.
Rutishauser, U., Hoffman, S., and Edelman, G.M. (1982) Binding properties of a cell adhesion molecule from neural tissue. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 685–689.
Sadoul, R., Him, M., Deagostini-Bazin, H., Rougon, G., and Goridis, C. (1983) Adult and embryonic mouse neural cell adhesion molecules have different binding properties. Nature 304: 347–349.
Sperry, R.W. (1963) Chemoaffinity in the orderly growth of nerve fiber patterns and connections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 50: 703–710.
Thiery, J.-P., Brackenbury, R., Rutishauser, U., and Edelman, G.M. (1977) Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. II. Purification and characterization of a cell adhesion molecule from neural retina. J. Biol. Chem. 252: 6841–6845.
Thiery, J.-P., Duband, J.-L., Rutishauser, U., and Edelman, G.M. (1982) Cell adhesion molecules in early chick embryogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 6737–6741.
Thiery, J.-P., Delouvee, A., Gallin, W.J., Cunningham, B.A., and Edelman, G.M. Ontogenetic expression of cell adhesion molecules: L-CAM is found in epithelia derived from the three primary germ layers. Dev. Biol., in press.
Urushihara, H., Ozaki, H.S., and Takeichi, M. (1979) Immunological detection of cell surface components related with aggregation of Chinese hamster and chick embryonic cells. Dev. Biol. 70: 206–216.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hoffman, S., Edelman, G.M. (1984). The Mechanism of Binding of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules. In: Lauder, J.M., Nelson, P.G. (eds) Gene Expression and Cell-Cell Interactions in the Developing Nervous System. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 181. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4868-9_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4868-9_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4870-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4868-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive