Abstract
In this brief series of lectures I should like to give you an account of the principal structural and electronic properties of amorphous semiconductors.
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References
Useful general references are the proceedings of biennial conferences on Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors, the most recent of which have been (1) Ann Arbor (1971), J. Non-Cryst. Solids 8–10 (1972); (2) Garmisch (1973), published as Amorhous and Liquid Semiconductors (Taylor and Francis 1970: (3) Leningrad (1975), published as Structure and Properties of Non-Crystalline Semiconductors (Nauka, Leningrad 1976); (4) Edinburgh (1977), published as Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors. Also, Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors, editor J. Tauc, published by Plenum Press, New York (1974).
Physics of Structurally Disordered Solids, editor S.S.Mitra, published by Plenum Press, New York (1976).
Tetrahedrally Bonded Amorphous Semiconductors, edited by Brodsky, Kirkpatrick and Weaire, American Institute of Physics, Vol. 20 (1974).
Structure and Excitations of Amorphous Solids, edited by Lucovsky and Galeener, American Institute of Physics, Vol.31 (1976).
Several sources give classifications into groups. See, for example, H. Fritzsche in Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors, editor J.Tauc, reference 1.
For further discussion of the glass transition and the condi- tions for glass formation, see, for example, D.Turnbull, Contemp. Phys., 10, 473 (1969).
See, for example, B.E.Warren in X-Ray Diffraction ( Addison- Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1969 )
J.F. Graczyk and P. Chaudhari, J.F. Graczyk and S.R. Herd, in Physics of Structurally Disordered Solids, editor S.S. Mitra (Plenum Press, New York 1974).
See, for example, W.Paul and G.A.N.Connell, in Physics of Structurally Disordered Solids, editor S.S.Mitra, reference 1, for a review.
See, for example, J.C. Knights, T.M. Hayes and J.C. Mikkelson, Phys. Rev. Lett., 39, 712 (1977).
N.J. Shevchik and W. Paul, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 16, 55 (1974).
See, for example, S.A. Solin in Structure and Excitations in Amorphous Solids, reference 1, p. 205
G. Lucovsky and F.L. Galeener, Proceedings of the 1975 Leningrad Conference, reference 1, p. 207.
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See reference 9 for original work plus general references.
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N.J. Shevchik and W. Paul, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 8–10, 381 (1972)
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General reviews on this subject are to be found under reference 1. An up-to-date review of luminescence is to be found in R.A.Street, Advances in Physics, 25, 397 (1976). A long review article by G.A.N.Connell and P.A.Street will appear in a forthcoming book to be edited by S.Kellér and published by North-Holland Publishing Co.
N.F. Mott and E.A. Davis, Electronic Processes in Non-crystalline Materials (Oxford University Press 1971 ), p. 327.
Spin resonance can, however, be found in bulk samples that are quenched at a very rapid rate, or in films deposited onto a cold substrate and kept cold.
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The probability that a chalcogen such as Se could have coordinations different from two had been considered before, no doubt several times. The present author first encountered experimental data from EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) favoring three-fold coordination(50) when he worked on this problem in 1974(51). The contribution of Kastner, Adler and Fritzsche was the demonstration that a certain pair of ‘defects’ constituting one identifiable entity, probably constituted the lowest energy defect state, and that in that state all electrons were paired with none left over. Their model does not allow for a major presence of higher energy defects possessing spin, and they give convincing arguments why the density of such defects will be below the limit of observation for melt-cooled glasses.
D.E. Sayers, F.W. Lytle and F.A. Stern, in Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors (Taylor and Francis, 1974 ), p. 403.
Unpublished.
M.Kastner, Proceedings of a Conference on Atomic Scale Structure of Amorphous Solids, TBM Yorktown Heights (1978).
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J.P. de Neufville, in Optical Properties of Solids - New Developments, editor B.O. Seraphin (North-Holland Publishing Co., 1976), p. 437
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For a general elementary review of this field, see D.Adler, Scientific American, 236, 36 (1977). See also S.R.Ovshinsky and H.Fritzsche, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-20, 91 (1973).
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Paul, W. (1979). Amorphous Semiconductors. In: Riazuddin (eds) Physics and Contemporary Needs. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3587-0_10
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