Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Lesions and Electrical Stimulation of the Amygdala on Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal-Regulation

  • Chapter
The Neurobiology of the Amygdala

Part of the book series: Advances in Behavioral Biology ((ABBI,volume 2))

Abstract

Experimental evidence supports the concept of the hypothalamus as the primary neural substrate for neuroendocrine regulation of hypophyseal hormone secretion. However, research over the last few decades has established the importance of the limbic system in the mediation of endocrine expression. Functioning as an integrative mechanism for interoceptive, exteroceptive and emotional information, the limbic system communicates with lower brain stem structures and the higher neopallial systems through extensive afferent and efferent connections. Therefore, in consideration of the enormous variety of autonomic and behavioral responses elicited by external factors or experimental manipulation of the various components of the limbic system, and of the fundamental role of the endocrines in the maintenance of homeostasis, it is not surprising that activation of the endocrine system should follow disturbances to limbic structures. Research over the last ten years has focused on elucidating the nature of the interactions of various limbic structures with the hypothalamus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • AHRéN, C. Effects of diencephalic lesions on acute and chronic stress responses in male rabbits. Acta Endocrinologica, 1962, Supplement, 69, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • ANAND, B. K., CHHINA, G. S., & DUA, S. Effects of lesions in the limbic system on the affective behaviour and visceral responses in monkeys and cats, Indian Journal of Medical Research, 1959, 47, 51.

    Google Scholar 

  • ARVAY, A. Cortico-hypothalamic control of gonadotropic functions. In E. Bajusz and G. Jasmin (Eds.), Major Problems in Neuro-endocrinology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1964, pp. 307–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • AZUMA R., & KUMAGAI, H. Studies on uterine activity in unanaesthetized dog by means of chronic uterine fistula. Tokyo Journal of Medical Science, 1934, 48, 2373.

    Google Scholar 

  • AZZALI, G. M., CARRERAS, M., LECHI, A., & DALLA ROSA, V. Modificazioni morfofunzinoali del sistema ipotalamo-neuroipofisario e della costellazione endocrina, dopo lesioni rinencefaliche. Bollettino della Societa Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale, 1963, 39, 688.

    Google Scholar 

  • BARD, P. A. The hypothalamus and sexual behaviour. Research on Nervous and Mental Disease Processes, 1940, 20, 551.

    Google Scholar 

  • BARD, P., & RIOCH, D. McK. A study of four cats deprived of neocortex and additional portions of the forebrain. Johns Hopkins Bulletin, 1937, 60, 73.

    Google Scholar 

  • BARRACLOUGH, C. A. Hypothalamic activation associated with stimulation of the vaginal cervix of proestrous rats. Anatomical Record, 1937, 136, 159.

    Google Scholar 

  • BARRACLOUGH, C. A., & CROSS, B. A. Unit activity in the hypothalamus of the cyclic female rat: Effect of genital stimuli and progesterone. Journal of Endocrinology, 1963, 26, 339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BENEDETTI, W. L., APPELTAUER, L. C., REISSENWEBER, N. J., DOMINGUEZ, R., GRINO, E., & SAS, J. Ovary and uterine hypertrophy in the rat bearing mesencephalic lesions. Acta Physiologica Latino Americana, 1965, 15, 218.

    Google Scholar 

  • BEYER, C., & SAWYER, C. H. Hypothalamic unit activity related to control of the pituitary gland. In W. F. Ganong and L. Martini (Eds.), Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. London: Oxford University Press, 1969, pp. 255–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • BOVARD, E. W., & GLOOR, P. Effect of amygdaloid lesions on plasma corticosterone response of the albino rat to emotional stress. Experientia, 1961, 17, 521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BROOKS, C. McC. The role of cerebral cortex and of various sense organs in the excitation and execution of mating activity in the rabbit. American Journal of Physiology, 1937, 120, 544.

    Google Scholar 

  • BROWN, P. S. The assay of gonadotrophin from urine of non-pregnant human subjects. Journal of Endocrinology, 1955, 13, 59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BROWN, S., & SCHäFER, E. A. An investigation into the functions of the occipital and temporal lobes of the monkey’s brain. Transactions, Royal Philosophical Society of London, 1888, 179B, 303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BROWN-GRANT, K., HARRIS, G. W., & REICHLIN, S. The effect of emotional and physical stress on thyroid activity in the rabbit. Journal of Physiology, 1954, 126, 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • BUNN, G. P., & EVERETT, J. W. Ovulation in persistent-estrous rats after electrical stimulation of the brain. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental and Biological Medicine, 1957, 96, 369.

    Google Scholar 

  • CALIGARIS, L., ASTRADA, J. J., & TALEISNIK, S. Stimulating and inhibiting effects of progesterone on the release of luteinizing hormone. Acta Endocrinologica Scandinavica, 1968, 59, 177.

    Google Scholar 

  • CARRER, H. F., & TALEISNIK, S. Effect of mesencephalic stimulation on the release of gonadotrophins. Journal of Endocrinology, 1970, 48, 527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CHHINA, G. S., & ANAND, B. K. Responses of neurones in the hypothalamus and limbic system to genital stimulation in adult and immature monkeys. Brain Research, 1969, 13, 511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CHHINA, G. S., CHAKRABARTY, A. S., KAUR, K., & ANAND, B. K. Electroencephalographic responses produced by genital stimulation and hormone administration in sexually immature rhesus monkeys. Physiology & Behavior, 1968, 3, 579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CRITCHLOW, V. Blockade of ovulation in the rat by mesencephalic lesions. Endocrinology, 1958, 63, 596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EGGER, M. D. Responses of hypothalamic neurons to electrical stimulation in the amygdala and the hypothalamus. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1967, 23, 6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., & CHURCH, R. L. Effect of repeated exposure to aggression and defeat on plasma and pituitary levels of luteinizing hormone in C57BL/6J mice. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1967, 9, 263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., & PATTISON, M. L. Effect of amygdaloid lesions on hypothalamic follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor in the female deermouse. Journal of Endocrinology, 1967, 39, 613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., & ZOLOVICK, A. J. Effect of amygdaloid lesions on oestrous behaviour in the deermouse. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1966, 11, 451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., & ZOLOVICK, A. J. Effect of amygdaloid lesions on plasma and pituitary levels of luteinizing hormone. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1967, 14, 33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., & ZOLOVICK, A. J. Effect of amygdaloid lesions on plasma and pituitary thyrotropin levels in deermice. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1968, 127, 671.

    Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., ZOLOVICK, A. J., & PEARSE, R. Effect of amygdaloid lesions on pituitary-adrenal axis in the deermouse. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1966, 122, 1259.

    Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., ZOLOVICK, A. J., & NORMAN, R. L. Effects of amygdaloid lesions on plasma and pituitary levels of luteinizing hormone in the male deermouse. Journal of Endocrinology, 1967, 38, 469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., CHURCH, R. L., NORMAN, R. L., PATTISON, M., & ZOLOVICK, A. J. Effect of repeated exposure to aggression and defeat on plasma and pituitary levels of thyrotropin. Physiology & Behavior, 1968, 3, 467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., CHURCH, R. L., ZOLOVICK, A. J., NORMAN, R. L., & PATTISON, M. L. Effects of amygdaloid lesions on regional brain RNA base ratios. Journal of Endocrinology, 1969, 45, 207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., DESJARDINS, C., PATTISON, M. L., NORMAN, R. L., & ZOLOVICK, A. J. Effect of amygdaloid lesions on hypothalamic-hypophyseal growth-hormone activity. Neuroendo-crinology, 1969, 5, 132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELEFTHERIOU, B. E., DESJARDINS, C., & ZOLOVICK, A. J. Effects of amygdaloid lesions on hypothalamic-hypophyseal luteinizing hormone activity. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1970, 21, 249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELWERS, M., & CRITCHILOW, V. Precocious ovarian stimulation following hypothalamic and amygdaloid lesions in rats. American Journal of Physiology, 1960, 198, 381.

    Google Scholar 

  • ELWERS, M., & CRITCHLOW, V. Precocious ovarian stimulation following interruption of stria terminalis. American Journal of Physiology, 1961, 201, 281.

    Google Scholar 

  • ENDROCZI, E., & LISSAK, K. The role of the mesencephalon, dien-cephalon and archicortex in the activation and inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical system. Acta Physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1960, 17, 39.

    Google Scholar 

  • ENDRőCZI, E., & LISSáK, K. Interrelations between palaeocortical activity and pituitary-adrenocortical function. Acta Physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1962, 21, 257.

    Google Scholar 

  • ENDRőCZI, E., & LISSáK, K. Effect of hypothalamic and brain stem structure stimulation on pituitary-adrenocortical function. Acta physiologica Academicae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1963, 24, 67.

    Google Scholar 

  • ENDRőCZI, E., LISSáK, K., SZEP, C., & TIGYI, A. Examination of the pituitary-adrenocortical-thyroid system after ablation of neocortical and rhinencephalic structures. Acta Physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1954, 6, 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • ENDRőCZI, E., LISSáK, K., BOHUS, B., & KOVáCS, S. The inhibitory influence of archicortical structures on pituitary-adrenal function. Acta Physiologica Academicae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1959, 16, 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • ENDRőCZI, E., SCHREIBERG, G., & LISSáK, K. The role of central nervous activating and inhibitory structures in the control of pituitary-adrenocortical function. Effects of intracerebral cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation. Acta Physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1963, 24, 211.

    Google Scholar 

  • EVERETT, J. W. Preoptic stimulative lesions and ovulation in the rat: “Thresholds” and LH-release time in late diestrus and proestrus. In E. Bajusz and G. Jasmin (Eds.), Major Problems in Neuroendocrinelogy. Basel and New York: S. Karger. Pp. 346–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • GANONG, W. F., & GOLDFIEN, A. Effect of diencephalic stimulation on adrenocortical and adrenal medullary secretion in the dog. In Atlantic City Program 41st meeting, Endocrine Society, 1959, p. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • GODDAKD, G. V. Functions of the amygdala. Psychological Bulletin, 1964, 62, 89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GOLDMAN, B. D., KAMBERI, I. A., SIITERI, P. K., & PORTER, J. C. Temporal relationship of progestin secretion, LH release and ovulation in rats. Endocrinology, 1964, 85, 1137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GREEN, J. D., CLEMENTE, C. E., & DEGROOT, J. Rhinencephalic lesions and behavior in cats. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1957, 108, 505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GREER, M. A., & SHULL, H. F. Effect of ablation of neocortex on ability of pituitary to secrete thyrotropin in the rat. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1957, 94, 565.

    Google Scholar 

  • GREER, M. A., & YAMADA, T. Effect of bilateral ablation of the amygdala on endocrine function in the rat. In Atlantic City Program 41st meeting, Endocrine Society, 1959, p. 82.

    Google Scholar 

  • HALLER, E. W., & BARRACLOUGH, C. A. Alterations in unit activity of hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei by stimuli which affect gonadotropic hormone secretion. Experimental Neurology, 1970, 29, 111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HARRIS, G. W. Reticular formation, stress and endocrine activity. In H. H. Jasper, L. D. Proctor, R. S. Knighton, W. C. Noshay and R. J. Costello (Eds.), Reticular Formation of the Brain. Boston: Mittle Brown Co., 1958. Pp. 207–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • HAYWARD, J. N., HILLIARD, J., & SAWYER, C. H. Time of release of pituitary gonadotropin induced by electrical stimulation of the rabbit brain. Endocrinology, 1964, 74, 108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IGARASHI, M., & MCCANN, C. M. A new sensitive bio-assay for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Endocrinology, 1964, 74, 440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ISHIDA, Y., KUROSHIMA, A., BOWERS, C. Y., & SCHALLY, A. V. In vivo depletion of pituitary growth hormone by hypothalamic extracts, Endocrinology, 1965, 77, 759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KAGEYAMA, Y. Histological alterations in the thyroid gland following stimulation or destruction of the amygdaloid nuclear complex. Niigata Medical Journal, 1960, 74, 216.

    Google Scholar 

  • KAWAKAMI, M., & SAITO, H. Unit activity in the hypothalamus of the cat: Effect of genital stimuli, luteinizing hormone and oxytocin. Japanese Journal of Physiology, 1967, 17, 466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KAWAKAMI, M., & SAWYER, C. H. Induction of behavioral and electroencephalographic changes in the rabbit by hormone administration or brain stimulation. Endocrinology, 1959a, 65, 631.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KAWAKAMI, M., & SAWYER, C. H. Neuroendocrine correlates to changes in brain activity thresholds by sex steroids and pituitary hormones. Endocrinology, 1959b, 65, 652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KAWAKAMI, M., SETO, K., & YOSHIDA, K. Influence of the limbic system on ovulation and on progesterone and estrogen formation in rabbit’s ovary. Japanese Journal of Physiology, 1966, 16, 254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KAWAKAMI, M., SETO, K., & YOSHIDA, K. Influences of the limbic structure on biosynthesis of ovarian steroids in rabbits. Japanese Journal of Physiology, 1968, 18, 356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KAWAKAMI, M., & TERASAWA, E. Differential control of sex hormone and oxytocin upon evoked potentials in the hypothalamus and midbrain reticular formation. Japanese Journal of Physiology, 1967, 17, 65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KAWAKAMI, M., KOSHINO, T., & HATTORI, Y. Changes in the EEG of the hypothalamus and limbic system after administration of ACTH, SU-4885 and ACH in rabbits with special reference to neurohumoral feedback regulation of pituitary-adrenal system. Japanese Journal of Physiology, 1966, 16, 551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KENNEDY, G. C. Interactions between feeding behavior and hormones during growth. Annals New York Academy of Science, 1961, 157, 1049.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KENNEDY, G., C. Food intake, energy balance and growth. British Medical Bulletin, 1966, 22, 216.

    Google Scholar 

  • KIM, C., & KIM, C. U. Effect of partial hippocampal resection on stress mechanism in rat. American Journal of Physiology, 1961, 201, 337.

    Google Scholar 

  • KLING, A. Effects of rhinencephalic lesions on endocrine and somatic development in the rat. American Journal of Physiology, 1964, 206, 1395.

    Google Scholar 

  • KLING, A., & GROVE, L. Delayed vaginal opening following lesions of the olfactory system in the neonatal rat. Federation Proceedings, 1963, 22, 573.

    Google Scholar 

  • KLING, A., ORBACH, J., SCHWARTZ, N. B., & TOWNE, J. C. Injury to the limbic system and associated structures in cats. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1960, 3, 391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KLüVER, H., & BARTELMEZ, G. W. Endometriosis in a rhesus monkey. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1951, 92, 650.

    Google Scholar 

  • KLüVER, H., & BUCY, P. C. “Psychic blindness” and other symptoms following bilateral temporal lobectomy in Rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Physiology, 1937, 119, 352.

    Google Scholar 

  • KLüVER, H., & BUCY, P. C. An analysis of certain effects of bilateral temporal lobectomy in the rhesus monkey, with special reference to “psychic blindness.” Journal of Psychology, 1938, 5, 33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KNIGGE, K. M. Adrenocortical response to stress in rats with lesions in hippocampus and amygdala. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1961, 108, 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • KNIGGE, K. M., & HAYS, M. Evidence of inhibitive role of hippocampus in neural regulation of ACTH release. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1963, 114, 67.

    Google Scholar 

  • KOBAYASHI, T., & KDBAYASHI, T. Central nervous control over the sexual function. Folia Endocrinologica Japonica, 1961, 37, 935.

    Google Scholar 

  • KOIKEGAMI, H. Amygdala and other related limbic structures; experimental studies on the anatomy and function. I. Anatomical researches with some neurophysiological observations. Acta Medica et Biologica (Niigata), 1963, 10, 161.

    Google Scholar 

  • KOIKEGAMI, H., Amygdala and other related structures; experimental studies on the anatomy and function. II. Functional experiments. Acta Médica et Biologica (Niigata), 1964, 12, 73.

    Google Scholar 

  • KOIKEGAMI, H., FUSE, S., & WATANABE, H. 1955. Studies on the amygdaloid nuclei, effects of extirpation or destruction. Acta Anatomica (Nipponese), 1955, 30, 92.

    Google Scholar 

  • KOIKEHAMI, H., FUSE, S., YOKOYAMA, T., WATANABE, T., & WATANABE, H. Contributions to the comparative anatomy of the amygdaloid nuclei of mammals with some experiments of their destruction or stimulation. Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica (Niigata), 1955, 8, 336.

    Google Scholar 

  • KOIKEHAMI, H., YAMADA, T., & USUI, K. Stimulation of the amygdaloid nuclei and periamygdaloid cortex with special reference to its effects on uterine movements and ovulation. Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica (Niigata), 1954, 8, 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • KOVáCS, S., SáNDOR, A., VéRTES, Z., & VéRTES, M. The effect of lesions and stimulation of the amygdala on pituitary-thyroid function. Acta Physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungar-icae, 1965, 27, 221.

    Google Scholar 

  • LAW, O. T., & SACKETT, G. P. Hypothalamic potentials in the female rat evoked by hormones and by vaginal stimulation. Neuroendocrinology, 1965, 1, 31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LAWTON, I. E., & SAWYER, C. H. Role of amygdala in regulating LH secretion in the adult rat. American Journal of Physiology, 1970, 218, 622.

    Google Scholar 

  • LINCOLN, D. W. Correlation of unit activity in the hypothalamus with EEG patterns associated with the sleep cycle. Experimental Neurology, 1969a, 24, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LINCOLN, D. W. Response of hypothalamic units to stimulation of the vaginal cervix: Specific versus non-specific effects. Journal of Endocrinology, 1969b, 43, 683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LINCOLN, D. W. Effects of progesterone on the electrical activity of the forebrain. Journal of Endocrinology, 1969c, 45, 585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LUPULESCU, A., NICOLESCU, A., GHEORGHIESCU, B., MERCULIEV, E., & LUNGU, M. Neural control of the thyroid gland: Studies on the role of extrapyramidal and rhinencephalon areas in the development of goiter. Endocrinology, 1962, 70, 517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MANDELL, A. J., CHAPMEN, L. F., RAND, R. W., & WALKER, R. D. Plasma corticosteroids: Changes in concentration after stimulation of hippocampus and amygdala. Science, 1963, 139, 1212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MANGILI, G., MOTTA, M., & MARTINI, L. Control of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion. In L. Martini and W. F. Ganong (Eds.), Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press, 1966. Pp. 297–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • MARTIN, J., ENDRöCZI, E., & BATA, G. Effect of the removal of amygdalic nuclei on the secretion of adrenal cortical hormones. Acta Fhysiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1958, 14, 131.

    Google Scholar 

  • MASON, J. W. Central nervous system regulation of ACTH secretion. In H. H. JASPER, L. D. PROCTOR, A. S. KNIGHTON, W. C. NOSHAY, and R. T. COSTELLO (Eds.), Reticular Formation of the Brain. Boston: Little Brown Co., 1958. Pp. 645–670.

    Google Scholar 

  • MASON, J. W. Plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels during electrical stimulation of the amygdaloid complex in conscious monkeys. American Journal of Physiology, 1959, 196, 44.

    Google Scholar 

  • MASON, J. W., NAUTA, W. J. H., BRADY, J. V., & ROBINSON, J. A. Limbic system influences on the pituitary-adrenal cortical system. In Atlantic City Program 41st meeting Endocrine Society, 1959, p. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • MASON, J. W., NAUTA, W. J. H., BRADY, J. V., ROBINSON, J. A., & SACHER, E. J. The role of limbic system structures in the regulation of ACTH secretion. Acta Neurovegetativa, 1961, 23, 4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MAYER, J., & THOMAS, D. W. Regulation of food intake and obesity. Science, 1967, 156, 328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MESS, B. Verhinderung des Thiouracileffektes und der “Jodmangelstruma” durch experimentelle Zerstorung der Nuclei habenulae. Endokrinologie, 1958, 35, 196.

    Google Scholar 

  • MESS, B. Die Rolle der Nuclei habenulae bei der auf erhohten Thyroxin-Blutspiegel eintretenden zental-nervosen Hemmung der thyerotrophen Aktivitat des Hypophysenvorderlappens. Endokrinologie, 1959, 37, 104.

    Google Scholar 

  • MüLLER, E. E., ARIMURA, A., SAITO, T., SCHALLY, A. V. Growth hormone-releasing activity in plasma of hypophysectomized rats. Endocrinology, 1967, 80, 77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NAUTA, W. J. H. An experimental study of the fornix system in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1956, 104, 247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NAUTA, W. J. H., & KUYPERS, J. J. M. Some ascending pathways in the brain stem reticular formation. In H. H. JASPER, L. D. PROCTOR, A. S. KNIGHTON, W. C. NOSHAY, & R. T. COSTELLO (Eds.), Reticular Formation of the Brain. Boston: Little Brown Co., 1958. Pp. 3–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • NORMAN, R. L. Effect of basolateral amygdaloid lesions on prolactin secretion in Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii. Master’s Thesis, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • OKINAKA, S. Die Regulation der Hypophysen-Nebennierenfunktion durch das Limbic-system und den Mittelhirnanteil der Formatio n Reticularis. Acta Neurovegetativa, 1962, 23, 15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PECILE, A., & MüLLER, E. E. Control of growth hormone secretion. In L. MARTINI and W. F. GANONG (Eds.), Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 537–564.

    Google Scholar 

  • PEKARY, A. E., DAVIDSON, J. M., & ZONDEK, B. Failure to demonstrate a role of midbrain-hypothalamic afferents in reproductive processes. Endocrinology, 1967, 80, 365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PORTER, R. W. The central nervous system and stress-induced eosinopenia. Recent Progress in Hormone Research. 1954, 10, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • PORTER, R. W., CAVANAUGH, E. B., CRITCHLOW, V., & SAWYER, C. H. Localized changes in electrical activity of the hypothalamus in estrous cats following vaginal stimulation. American Journal of Physiology, 1957, 189, 145.

    Google Scholar 

  • RAMIREZ, V. D., KOMISARUK, B. R., WHITMOYER, D. I., & SAWYER, C. H. Effects of hormones and vaginal stimulation on the EEG and hypothalamic units in rats. American Journal of Physiology, 1967, 212, 1376.

    Google Scholar 

  • RAISMAN, G. An evaluation of the basic pattern of connections between the limbic system and the hypothalamus. American Journal of Anatomy, 1970, 129, 197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • REDGATE, E. S. ACTH release evoked by electrical stimulation of brain stem and limbic system sites in the cat: The absence of ACTH release upon infundibular area stimulation. Endocrinology, 1970, 86, 806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • REICHLIN, S. Peripheral thyroxine metabolism in patients with psychiatric and neurological diseases. A.M.A. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1959, 1, 434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • REICHLIN, S. Regulation of somatotrophic hormone secretion. In G. W. HARRIS and B. T. DONOVAN (Eds.), The Pituitary Gland. Los Angeles; University of California Press, 1966. Pp. 270–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • RISS, W. Effect of limbic damage in infancy on subsequent endocrine development and running activity in rats. Anatomical Record, 1958, 130, 364.

    Google Scholar 

  • RISS, W., BURSTEIN, S. D., & JOHNSON, R. W. Hippocampal or pyriform damage in infancy and endocrine development of rats. American Journal of Physiology, 1963, 204, 861.

    Google Scholar 

  • RODRIGUES, A. Influence de l’ecorce cerebrale sur le cycle sexual du rat blanc. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Société de Biologie, 1959, 153, 1271.

    Google Scholar 

  • RUBIN, R. T., MANDELL, A. J., & CRANDALL, P. H. Corticosteroid responses to limbic stimulation in man: Localization of stimulus sites. Science, 1966, 153, 767.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • RUSSELL, J. A., & WILHELMI, A. E. Growth (hormone regulation). Annual Review of Physiology, 1958, 20, 43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SAITO, M., ISHIKAWA, A., AIBA, S., & KAWAI, T. On the central nervous control of the thyroid function especially on correlation with the habenular nucleus. 19th Nippon Noshinhei Gekagakki Sokai, 1960, p. 79.

    Google Scholar 

  • SAUL, G. D., & SAWYER, C., H. EEG-monitored activation of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system by amygdala stimulation and its pharmacological blockade. Federation Proceedings, 1957, 16, 112.

    Google Scholar 

  • SAWYER, C. H. Effects of brain lesions on estrous behavior and reflexogenous ovulation in the rabbit. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 1959, 142, 227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SAWYER, C. H., & KAWAKAMI, M. Characteristics of behavioral and electroencephalographic after-reactions to copulation and vaginal stimulation in the female rabbit. Endocrinology, 1959, 65, 622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCHREINER, L., & KLING, A. Behavioral changes following rhinen-cephalic injury in cat. Journal of Neurophysiology, 1953, 16, 643.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHREINER, L., & KLING, A. Effects of castration on hypersexual behavior induced by rhinencephalic injury in cat. A.M.A. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1954, 72, 180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCHREINER, L., & KLING, A. Rhinencephalon and behavior. American Journal of Physiology, 1956, 184, 486.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHWARTZ, N. B., & KLING, A. The effect of amygdaloid lesions on feeding, grooming and reproduction in rats. Acta Neurovegetative, 1964, 26, 12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SETEKLEIV, J., SKAUG, O. E., & KAADA, B. R. Increase of plasma 18-OH-steroids by cerebral cortical and amygdaloid stimulation in cats. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 1960, 50, supp. 175, 142.

    Google Scholar 

  • SETEKLEIV, J., SKAUG, O. E., & KAADA, B. R. Increase of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids by cerebral cortical and amygdaloid stimulation in the cat. Journal of Endocrinology, 1961, 22, 119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SHEALY, C. N., & PEELE, T. L. Studies on amygdaloid nucleus of cat. Journal of Neurophysiology, 1957, 20, 125.

    Google Scholar 

  • SHIZUME, K., MATSUZAKI, F., UNO, S., MATSUDA, K., NAGASAKI, S., & OKINAKA, S. Effect of electrical stimulation of the limbic system on pituitary-thyroidal function. Endocrinology, 1962, 71, 456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SHIZUME, E., & OKINAKA, S. Control of thyroid function of the nervous system. In E. BAJUSZ and G. JASMIN (Eds.), Major Problems in Neuroendocrinology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1964. Pp. 286–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • SLUSHER, M. A., & HYDE, J. E. Inhibition of adrenal corticosteroid release by brain stem stimulation in cats. Endocrinology, 1961a, 68, 773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SLUSHER, M. A., & HYDE, J. E. Effect of limbic stimulation on release of corticosteroids into the adrenal venous effluent of the cat. Endocrinology, 1961b, 69, 1080.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SLUSHER, M. A., & HYDE, J. E. Effect of diencephalic and midbrain stimulation on ACTH levels in unrestrained cats. American Journal of Physiology, 1966, 210, 103.

    Google Scholar 

  • SOULAIRAC, A., & SOULAIRAC, M. L. Atropie testiculaire par lesions du cortex cerebral chez le rat. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Société de Biologie, 1958, 152, 921.

    Google Scholar 

  • SPOTO, P., GOMIRATO, G., FERRO MILONE, F., BOCCI, F., ANGELERI, F., & MANCA, R. Risposte utero-vesicali nella specie umana alla stimolazione dell’ amigdala e dell’ ippocampo. Bollettino delia Societa Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale, 1961, 37, 994.

    Google Scholar 

  • SZENTáGOTHAI, J., & MESS, B. Zur zentralen Stauerung der thyreo-tropen Akivitat des Hypophysenvorferlappens. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 1958, 70, 285.

    Google Scholar 

  • SZENTáGOTHAI, J., FLERKó, B., MESS, B., & HALáSZ, B. Hypothalamic Control of the Anterior Pituitary. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Science, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • TALEISNIK, S., CALIGARIS, L., & DE OLMOS, J. Luteinizing hormone release by cerebral cortex stimulation in rats. American Journal of Physiology, 1962, 203, 1109.

    Google Scholar 

  • TERASAWA, E., & TIMIRAS, P. S. Electrical activity during the estrous cycle of the rat: Cyclic changes in limbic structures. Endocrinology, 1968, 83, 207.

    Google Scholar 

  • TERZAIN, H., & ORE, G. D. Syndrome of Klüver and Buey reproduced in man by bilateral removal of the temporal lobes. Neurology, 1955, 5, 375.

    Google Scholar 

  • TINDAL, J. S., & KNAGGS, G. S. Lactogenesis in the pseudopregnant rabbit after the local placement of oestrogen in the brain. Journal of Endocrinology, 1966, 34, ii.

    Google Scholar 

  • TINDAL, J. S., KNAGGS, G. S., & TURVEY, A. Central nervous control of prolactin secretion in the rabbit: Effect of local oestrogen implants in the amygdaloid complex. Journal of Endocrinology, 1967, 37, 279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • URSI, K. Experimental studies on the amygdaloid nuclei and peri-amygdaloid cortex with special reference to ovulation. Niigata Medical Journal, 1955, 6, 189.

    Google Scholar 

  • VALASCO, J. D., & TALEISNIK, S. Release of gonadotropins induced by amygdaloid stimulation in the rat. Endocrinology, 1969, 84, 132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VINCENT, J. D., DUFY, B., & FAURE, J. M., A. Effects of vaginal stimulation on hypothalamic single units in unrestrained rabbits. Experientia, 1970, 26, 1266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WELSCH, C. W., CLEMENS, J. A., & MEITES, J. Effects of hypothalamic and amygdaloid lesions on development of growth of carcinogen-induced mammary tumors in the female rat. Cancer Research, 1969, 29, 1541.

    Google Scholar 

  • WOOD, C. D. Behavioral changes following discrete lesions of temporal lobe structures. Neurology, 1958, 8, 215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • YAMADA, TAKASHI. The effect of electrical ablation of the nuclei habenulae, pineal body and subcommissural organ on endocrine function, with special reference to thyroid function. Endocrinology, 1961, 69, 706.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • YAMADA, TAKASHI, & Greer, M. A. The effect of bilateral ablation of the amygdala on endocrine function in the rat. Endocrinology, 1960, 66, 565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • YAMADA, TOMOO. Experimental researches on the amygdaloid nucleus and periamygdaloid cortex, with special reference to the uterine motility. Niigata Medical Journal, 1954, 68, 682 & 788.

    Google Scholar 

  • ZOLOVICK, A. J. Electrophysiological aspects of amygdaloid-hypothalamic interrelationships. Ph. D. Thesis, 1969. Kansas State University, Manhattan.

    Google Scholar 

  • ZOLOVICK, A. J., & ELEFTHERIOU, B. E. Hormonal modulation of hypothalamic unit activity and EEG response to vaginal stimulation in the deermouse. Journal of Endocrinology, 1969, 49, 59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA

    Andrew J. Zolovick

Authors
  1. Andrew J. Zolovick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1972 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zolovick, A.J. (1972). Effects of Lesions and Electrical Stimulation of the Amygdala on Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal-Regulation. In: The Neurobiology of the Amygdala. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8987-7_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8987-7_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8989-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8987-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation