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Isolation and Characterization of Membrane Glycosphingolipids

  • Chapter
Methods in Membrane Biology

Abstract

Glycosphingolipids are the glycosides of N-fatty acylsphingosine, whose trivial name is ceramide. The variety of fatty acids, sphingosines, and carbohydrates results in a great number of glycosphingolipids. Sphingosines are a group of related long-chain aliphatic 2-amino-1,3-diols of which d-erythro- 1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-4,5-trans-octadecene (sphingosine or sphing-4-enine) occurs most frequently in animal glycosphingohpids. The 4-hydroxylated, saturated compound (phytosphingosine or 4-hydroxysphinganine) and numerous other homologs are found, differing in saturation, branching, and length of the aliphatic chain. Classification of glycosphingolipids has been based on their carbohydrate rather than ceramide moieties, since the structure of the saccharide is dominant in determining their chemical and physical properties. The carbohydrate residue of glycosphingolipids is also a definitive determinant in immunological specificity and may be involved in intercellular recognition. However, the simplest glycolipid, cerebroside, has been subclassified as cerebron, kerasin, nervon, or oxynervon according to the kind of fatty acid present in the ceramide, because the solubility of cerebroside is determined by the kind of fatty acid present. With increasing complexity of carbohydrate structure, however, solubility and other properties are more dependent on the number of carbohydrate residues and their linkages.

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  1. Departments of Pathobiology and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Roger A. Laine, Klaus Stellner & Sen-Itiroh Hakomori

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  1. Roger A. Laine
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  2. Klaus Stellner
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  3. Sen-Itiroh Hakomori
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  1. Section on Cellular Biochemistry and Ultrastructure, National Heart and Lung Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Edward D. Korn

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Laine, R.A., Stellner, K., Hakomori, SI. (1974). Isolation and Characterization of Membrane Glycosphingolipids. In: Korn, E.D. (eds) Methods in Membrane Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8960-0_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8960-0_3

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