Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation and the Biological Membrane

  • Chapter
Methods in Membrane Biology

Abstract

Beyond Ghor there was a city. All its inhabitants were blind. A king with his entourage arrived nearby; he brought his army and camped in the desert. He had a mighty elephant, which he used in attack and to increase the people’s awe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abercrombie, M., Heaysman, J. E. M., and Pegrum, S. M., 1970, The locomotion of fibroblasts in culture. III. Movements of particles on the dorsal surface of the leading lamella, Exptl. Cell Res. 62:389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abragam, A., 1961, The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adami, J. G., and Aschoff, L., 1906, On the myelins, myelin bodies, and potential fluid crystals of the organism, Proc. Roy. Soc. B78:359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ailion, D. C., 1971, NMR and ultraslow motions, in: Advances in Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 5 (J. S. Waugh, ed.), pp. 177–227, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ailion, D., and Slichter, C. P., 1965, Observation of ultra-slow translational diffusion in metallic lithium by magnetic resonance, Phys. Rev. 137:235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albrecht-Bühler, G., 1973, A quantitative difference in the movement of marker particles in the plasma membrane of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and their polyoma transformants, Exptl. Cell Res. 78:67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alger, T. D., Freeman, P., and Grant, D. M., 1972, Carbon-13 T 1 measurements under proton coupled and decoupled conditions, J. Chem. Phys. 57:2168.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allerhand, A., Doddrell, D., and Komoroski, R., 1971, Natural abundance carbon-13 partially relaxed Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of complex molecules, J. Chem. Phys. 55:189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. E., 1965, NMR spin-lattice relaxation in solid solutions of C6H6 and C 6 D 6: Evidence for concerted motions by adjacent molecules, J. Chem. Phys. 43:3575.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. E., and Slichter, W. P., 1965, Nuclear spin relaxation in solid n-alkanes, J. Phys. Chem. 69:3099.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. E., and Ullman, R., 1967, On the saturation-recovery method for determining nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times, J. Phys. Chem. 71:4133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrew, E. R., 1971, The narrowing of NMR spectra of solids by high-speed specimen rotation and the resolution of chemical shift and spin multiplet structures for solids, in: Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Vol. 8 (J. W. Emsley, J. Feeney, and L. H. Sutcliffe, eds.), pp. 1–39, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, 1972, Phospholipids: More about less. Nature 236:11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Attwood, D., and Saunders, L., 1965, A light scattering study of ultrasonically irradiated lecithin solutions, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 98:344.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Attwood, D., Saunders, L., Gammack, D. B., de Haas, G. H., and van Deenen, L. L. M., 1965, The size and shape of micelles of some synthetic phospholipids in aqueous dispersions, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 102:301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bangham, A. D., 1968, Membrane models with phospholipids, in: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 18 (J. A. V. Butler and D. Noble, eds.), pp. 29–95, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bangham, A. D., and Home, R. W., 1964, Negative staining of phospholipids and their structural modification by surface-active agents as observed in the electron microscope, J. Mol. Biol. 8:660.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R. W., Bell, J. D., Radda, G. K., and Richards, R. E., 1972, Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance in phospholipid dispersions, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 260:161.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, R. E., and Grisham, C. M., 1972, Spin exchange of spin labeled probes in a natural membrane, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 48:1362.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barr, M. R., and Dunell, B. A., 1964, Proton magnetic resonance absorption in high temperature phases of anhydrous sodium stearate. Can. J. Chem. 42:1098.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett-Bee, K., Radda, G. K., and Thomas, N. A., 1972, Interactions, perturbations and relaxations of membrane-bound molecules, in: Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of the Federation of European Biochemistry Societies, Vol. 28: Mitochondria and Biomembranes, pp. 231–252, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batchelor, J. G., Prestegard, J. H., Cushley, R. J., and Lipsky, S. R., 1972, Conformational analysis of lecithin in vesicles by 13C NMR, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 48:70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baud, M. P., and Hubbard, P. S., 1968, Nonexponential spin-lattice relaxation of protons in solid acetonitrile and solid solutions of acetonitrile in acetonitrile-d3, Phys. Rev. 170:384.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baughman, R. H., and Turnbull, D., 1971, Vacancy formation parameters in organic crystals, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 32:1375.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernai, J. D., 1933, Discussion of paper by Rinne, 1933, Trans. Faraday Soc. 29:1082.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bidloo, G., 1685, Anatomia humani corporis, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birdsall, N. J. M., Lee, A. G., Levine, Y. K., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1971a, The value of proton relaxation measurements in the study of aqueous phospholipid dispersions, Chem. Commun. 1971:1171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birdsall, N. J. M., Lee, A. G., Levine, Y. K., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1971b, 19F NMR of monofluorostearic acids in lecithin vesicles, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 241:693.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birdsall, N. J. M., Feeney, J., Lee, A. G., Levine, Y. K., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1972, Dipalmitoyllecithin: Assignment of the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and conformational studies, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin II 1972:1441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birdsall, N. J. M., Lee, A. G., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1973, unpublished observations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bittman, R., and Blau, L., 1972, The phospholipid-cholesterol interaction: Kinetics of water permeability in liposomes. Biochemistry 11:4831.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bladon, P., Lockhart, N. C., and Sherwood, J. N., 1971, Lattice defects in plastic organic solids. 5. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of translational molecular motion in several plastic solids, Mol. Phys. 20:577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blasie, J. K., and Worthington, C. R., 1969, Planar liquid-like arrangement of photo-pigment molecules in frog retinal receptor disk membranes, J. Mol. Biol. 39:417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blaurock, A. E., and Stoeckenius, W., 1971, Structure of the purple membrane. Nature New Biol. 233:152.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloembergen, N., Purcell, E. M., and Pound, R. V., 1948, Relaxation effects in nuclear magnetic resonance absorption, Phys. Rev. 73:679.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boden, N., 1971, Pulsed NMR methods, in: Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, Vol. 4 (F. C. Nachod and J. J. Zuckerman, eds.), pp. 51–138, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bovey, F. A., 1969, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branton, D., and Deamer, D. W., 1972, Membrane Structure, Springer-Verlag, Wien.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bretscher, M. S., 1971, A major protein which spans the human erythrocyte membrane, J. Mol. Biol. 59:351.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bretscher, M. S., 1972a, Asymmetrical lipid bilayer structure for biological membranes. Nature New Biol. 236:11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bretscher, M. S., 1972b, Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine: Differential labelling in intact cells and cell ghosts of human erythrocytes by a membrane-impermeable reagent, J. Mol, Biol. 71:523.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnett, L. J., and Harmon, J. F., 1972, Self-diffusion in various liquids: Pulse NMR measurements, J. Chem. Phys. 57:1293.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnett, L. J., and Muller, B. H., 1971, Deuteron quadrupole coupling constants in three solid deuterated paraffin hydrocarbons: C2D6, C4D10, C6D14, Chem. Phys. 55:5829.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bystrov, V. F., Dubrovina, N. I., Barsukov, L. I., and Bergelson, L. D., 1971, NMR differentiation of the internal and external phospholipid membrane surfaces using paramagnetic Mn2+ and Eu3+ ions, Chem. Phys. Lipids 6:343.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bystrov, V. F., Shapiro, Yu. E., Viktorov, A. V., Barsukov, L. I., and Bergelson, L. D., 1972, 31P-NMR signals from inner and outer surfaces of phospholipid membranes, FEBS Letters 25:337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cadenhead, D. A., and Müller-Landau, F., 1973, Pure and mixed monomolecular films of 12-nitroxide stearate, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 307:279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, H. Y., and Purcell, E. M., 1954, Effects of diffusion on free precession in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, Phys. Rev. 94:630.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrington, A., and McLachlan, A. D., 1967, Introduction to Magnetic Resonance with Applications to Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Harper and Row, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casper, D. L. D., and Kirschner, D. A., 1971, Myelin membrane structure at 10 Å resolution. Nature New Biol. 231:46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cerbon, J., 1965, Variations of the lipid phase of living microorganisms during the transport process, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 102:499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerbon, J., 1970, The influence of pH and temperature on the limited rotational freedom of the structured water and lipid hydrocarbon chains of natural membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 211:389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick, A. V., and Sherwood, J. N., 1971, Self-diffusion in molecular solids, in: Diffusion Processes (J. N. Sherwood, A. V. Chadwick, W. M. Muir, and F. L. Swinton, eds.), pp. 475–491, Gordon and Breach, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, S. I., Feigenson, G. W., and Seiter, C. H. A., 1971, Nuclear relaxation studies of lecithin bilayers. Nature 231:110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, S. I., Seiter, C. H. A., and Feigenson, G. W., 1972, Anisotropic and restricted molecular motion in lecithin bilayers, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46:1488.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D., 1972, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies of biological membranes, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 195:179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D., and Morrison, A., 1966, High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of phospholipids and related substances, J. Biol. Chem. 241:5044.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D., and Penkett, S. A., 1966, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies of the interaction of phospholipids with cholesterol, Nature 211:1304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D., and Salsbury, N., 1966, Proton magnetic resonance studies of molecular motion in some 2,3-diacyl-dl-phosphatidylethanolamines, Trans. Faraday Soc. 62:2607.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D., Kamat, V. B., de Gier, J., and Penkett, S. A., 1968a, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of erythrocyte membranes, J. Mol. Biol. 31:101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D., Fluck, D. J., Penkett, S. A., and Shipley, G. G., 1968b, The effect of sonication on aqueous dispersions of egg yolk lecithin, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 163:255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D., Leslie, R. B., Hirz, R., and Scanu, A. M., 1969a, 220 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of high density serum lipoproteins, Nature 221:260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D., Leslie, R. B., Hirz, R., and Scanu, A. M., 1969b, High resolution NMR spectra of high-density serum lipoproteins, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 176:524.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D., Oldfield, E., Doskocilova, D., and Schneider, B., 1972, NMR of gel and liquid crystalline phospholipids spinning at the “magic angle,” FEBS Letters 25:261.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charvolin, J., and Rigny, P., 1971, Pulsed NMR in dynamically heterogeneous systems, J. Mag. Res. 4:40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charvolin, J., and Rigny, P., 1972, Transverse nuclear relaxation in lecithin bilayers, Nature New Biol. 237:127.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, L. B., 1973, Changes in neuron structure during action potential propagation and synaptic transmission, Physiol. Rev. 53:373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, M. H., and Reif, F., 1957, Quadrupole effects in nuclear magnetic resonance studies of solids, in: Solid State Physics: Advances in Research and Applications, Vol. 5 (F. Satz and D. Turnball, eds.), pp. 321–438, Academic Press, New York. Colley, C. M., 1971, dissertation, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colley, C. M., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1972, The localization of small molecules in lipid bilayers, FEBS Letters 24:241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cone, R. A., 1972, Rotational diffusion of rhodopsin in the visual receptor membrane, Nature New Biol. 236:39.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Damadian, R., 1971, Tumor detection by nuclear magnetic resonance. Science 171:1151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darke, A., Finer, E. G., Flook, A. G., and Phillips, M. C., 1972, Nuclear magnetic resonance study of lecithin-cholesterol interactions, J. Mol. Biol. 63:265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • da Silva, P. P., 1972, Translational mobility of the membrane intercalated particles of human erythrocyte ghosts, Cell Biol. 53:777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D. G., 1972, Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance in egg yolk lecithin: Field dependent line widths and phosphate group mobility, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 49:1492.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D. G., and Inesi, G., 1971, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes: Correlation of the temperature-dependent Ca2+ efflux with a reversible structural transition, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 241:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D. G., and Inesi, G., 1972, Phosphorus and proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes and lipids: A comparison of phosphate and proton group mobilities in membrane and lipid bilayers, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 282:180.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daycock, J. T., Darke, A., and Chapman, D., 1971, Nuclear relaxation (T 1) measurements of lecithin-water systems, Chem. Phys. Lipids 6:205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dea, P., Chan, S. I., and Dea, F. J., 1972, High-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of a rabbit sciatic nerve. Science 175:206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Petris, S., and Raff, M. C., 1972, Distribution of immunoglobulin on the surface of mouse lymphoid cells as determined by immunoferritin electron microscopy: Antibody-induced, temperature-dependent redistribution and its implications for membrane structure, Europ. J. Immunol. 2:523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devaux, P., and McConnell, H. M., 1972, Lateral diffusion in spin-labelled phosphatidyl choline multilayers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94:4475.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devaux, P., Scandeila, C. J., and McConnell, H. M., 1973, Spin-spin interactions between spin-labeled phospholipids incorporated into membranes, J. Mag. Res. 9:474.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Vries, J. J., and Berendsen, H. J. C., 1969, Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on a macroscopically ordered smectic liquid crystalline phase, Nature 221:1139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diehl, P., and Freeman, R., 1961, The influence of molecular shape on solvent shifts in the proton magnetic resonance spectra of polar solutes, Mol. Phys. 4:39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dintenfass, L., 1964, Molecular and rheological considerations of the red cell membrane in view of the internal fluidity of the red cell, Acta Haematol. 32:299.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dintenfass, L., 1969, The internal viscosity of the red cell and the structure of the red cell membrane: Considerations of the liquid crystalline structure of the red cell interior and membrane from rheological data, Mol. Crystals Lig. Crystals 8:101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglass, D. C., and Jones, G. P., 1966, Nuclear magnetic relaxation of n-alkanes in the rotating frame, J. Chem. Phys. 45:956.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dufourcq, J., and Lussan, C., 1972, Conformations of the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine polar groups determined by NMR spectroscopy, FEBS Letters 26:35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dupont, Y., Gabriel, A., Chabre, M., Gulik-Krzywicki, T., and Schechter, E., 1972, Use of a new detector for X-ray diffraction and kinetics of the ordering of the lipids in E. coli membranes and model systems. Nature 238:331.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eakin, R. T., Morgan, L. O., Gregg, C. T., and Matwiyoff, N. A., 1972, Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of living cells and their metabolism of a specifically labelled 13C substrate, FEBS Letters 28:259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Easwaran, K. R. K., and Mahadevan, S., 1972, High resolution NMR investigations of hen’s egg yolk plasma, FEBS Letters 25:134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edelman, G. M., Yahara, I., and Wang, J. L., 1973, Receptor mobility and receptor-cytoplasmic interactions in lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 70:1442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edidin, M., 1972, Aspects of plasma membrane fluidity, in: Membrane Research (C. F. Fox, ed.), pp. 15–25, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edidin, M., and Weiss, A., 1972, Antigen cap formation in cultured fibroblasts: a reflection of membrane fluidity and of cell motility, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 69:2456.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eletr, S., and Inesi, G., 1972, Phospholipid orientation in sarcoplasmic membranes: Spin-label ESR and proton NMR studies, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 282:174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elworthy, P. H., and Macintoch, D. S., 1961, Micelle formation by lecithin in some aliphatic alcohols, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 13:633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emsley, J. W., Feeney, J., and Sutcliffe, L. H., 1965, High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 2 vols., Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelman, D. M., 1970, X-ray diffraction studies of phase transitions in the membrane of Mycoplasma laidlawii, J. Mol. Biol. 47:115.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engelman, D. M., and Rothman, J. E., 1972, The planar organization of lecithin-cholesterol bilayers, J. Biol. Chem. 247:3694.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esfahani, M., Limbrick, A. R., Knutton, S., Oka, T., and Wakil, S. J., 1971, The molecular organization of lipids in the membrane of Escherichia coli: Phase transitions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 68:3180.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrar, T. C., and Becker, E. D., 1971, Pulse and Fourier Transform NMR, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finer, E. G., 1973, personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finer, E. G., and Phillips, M. C., 1973, Factors affecting molecular packing in mixed lipid monolayers and bilayers, Chem. Phys. Lipids 10:237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finer, E. G., Hauser, H., and Chapman, D., 1969, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of interactions of phospholipids with cyclic antibiotics, Chem. Phys. Lipids 3:386.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finer, E. G., Flook, A. G., and Hauser, H., 1971, The use of NMR spectra of sonicated phospholipid dispersions in studies of interactions with the bilayer, FEBS Letters 18:331.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finer, E. G., Flook, A. G., and Hauser, H., 1972a, Mechanism of sonication of aqueous egg yolk lecithin dispersions and nature of the resultant particles, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 260:49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finer, E. G., Flook, A. G., and Hauser, H., 1972b, The nature and origin of the NMR spectrum of unsonicated and sonicated aqueous egg yolk lecithin dispersions, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 260:59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiorito, R. B., and Meister, R., 1972, Pressure and temperature studies of NMR translational relaxation in hydrogen bonded liquids, J. Chem. Phys. 56:4605.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folland, R., and Strange, J. H., 1972, Pressure dependence of self diffusion in the plastic crystals hexamethylethane, norbornylene and cyclohexane, J. Phys. C. 5:L50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, R., and Sherwood, J. N., 1971, Self-diffusion and the isotope mass effect in single crystalline benzene. Trans. Faraday Soc. 67:3364.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R., and Hill, H. D. W., 1971a, High-resolution study of NMR spin echoes: “J. Spectra,” J Chem. Phys. 54:301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R., and Hill, H. D. W., 1971b, Fourier transform study of NMR spin-lattice relaxation by “progressive saturation,” J. Chem. Phys. 54:3367.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R., Hill, H. D. W., and Dadok, J., 1973, Rotating frame resonance effects in high resolution carbon-13 NMR, J. Chem. Phys. 58:3107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frye, L. D., and Edidin, M., 1970, The rapid intermixing of cell surface antigens after formation of mouse-human heterokaryons, J. Cell Sci. 7:319.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gitler, G., 1972, Plasticity of biological membranes, Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 1:51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, M., Simpkins, H., Singer, S. J., Sheetz, M., and Chan, S. I., 1970, On the interactions of lipids and proteins in the red blood cell membrane, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 65:721.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodyear, C. C., 1971, Signals and Information, Butterworths, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R. F., and Dunell, B. A., 1960, Proton magnetic resonance absorption in anhydrous sodium stearate. Can. J. Chem. 38:2395.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. H., and Salton, M. R. J., 1973, The use of a PMR probe for studying the hydrophobic properties of Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes and membrane fractions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 298:664.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, E. L., 1950, Spin echoes, Phys. Rev. 80:580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, J. A., Talkowski, C., Williams, E., Avila, E. M., Allerhand, A., Cordes, E. H., and Camejo, G., 1973, Natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of human serum lipoproteins, Science 180:193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammes, G. G., and Schullery, S. E., 1970, Structure of macromolecular aggregates. II. Construction of model membranes from phospholipids and polypeptides. Biochemistry 9:2555.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J. R., and Lawson, K. D., 1970, Magnetic relaxation in ordered systems, Nature 225:542.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haque, R., Tinsley, I. J., and Schmedding, D., 1972, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphilipid micelles, J. Biol. Chem. 247:157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmon, J. F., and Muller, B. H., 1969, Nuclear spin relaxation by translational diffusion in liquid ethane, Phys. Rev. 182:400.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, H. O., 1971, The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the chemical structure of egg lecithin, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 45:1049.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, H., Penkett, S. A., and Chapman, D., 1969, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies of procaine hydrochloride and tetracaine hydrochloride at lipid-water interfaces, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 183:466.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, H., Finer, E. G., and Chapman, D., 1970, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the polypeptide alamethicin and its interaction with phospholipids, J. Mol. Biol. 53:419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hawthorne, H. M., and Sherwood, J. N., 1970, Lattice defects in plastic organic solids. Part 2. Anomalous self-diffusion in succiononitrile. Trans. Faraday Soc. 66:1792.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hemminga, M. A., and Berendsen, H. J. C., 1972, Magnetic resonance in ordered lecithin-cholesterol multilayers, J. Mag. Res. 8:133.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendler, R. W., 1971, Biological membrane ultrastructure, Physiol. Rev. 51:66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henrikson, K. D., 1970, Observations by nuclear magnetic resonance of the interactions of water with lecithin micelles in carbon tetrachloride solution, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 203:228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, S. A., and Keith, A. D., 1971, Membrane properties of saturated fatty acid mutants of yeast revealed by spin labels, Chem. Phys. Lipids 7:245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinz, H.-J., and Sturtevant, J. M., 1972a, Calorimetric investigation of the influence of cholesterol on the transition properties of bilayers formed from synthetic l-α-lecithins in aqueous suspensions, J. Biol. Chem. 247:3697.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinz, H.-J., and Sturtevant, J. M., 1972b, Calorimetric studies of dilute aqueous suspensions of bilayers formed from synthetic l-α-lecithins, J. Biol. Chem. 247:6071.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, R. A., and Forsen, S., 1966, High resolution nuclear magnetic double and multiple resonance, in: Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Vol. 1 (J. W. Emsley, J. Feeney, and L. H. Sutcliffe, eds.), pp. 15–205, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, G. M., and Sherwood, J. N., 1966, Self diffusion in cyclohexane single crystals, Mol Crystals 1:97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, A. F., 1972, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on phospholipids and membranes, in: Membrane Molecular Biology (C. F. Fox and A. D. Keith, eds.), pp. 164–191, Sinauer, Stamford, Conn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, A. F., and Klein, M. P., 1972, Magnetic resonance studies on membranes and model membrane systems. II. Phosphorus spectra and relaxation rates in dispersions of lecithin, J. Supramol. Struct. 1:19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, A. F., Horsley, W. J., and Klein, M. P., 1972, Magnetic resonance studies on membrane and model membrane systems: Proton magnetic relaxation rates in sonicated lipid dispersions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 69:590.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, A. F., Michaelson, D., and Klein, M. P., 1973, Magnetic resonance studies on membrane and model membrane systems. III. Fatty acid motions in aqueous lecithin dispersions, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 298:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C., 1969, Studies on phosphatidyl choline vesicles: Formation and physical characteristics. Biochemistry 8:344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C., and Charlton, J. P., 1972, Studies on the state of phosphatidyl-choline molecules before and after ultrasonic and gel-filtration treatments, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46:1660.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C., and Thompson, T. E., 1966, Properties of lipid bilayer membranes separating two aqueous phases: Water permeability, J. Mol. Biol. 15:539.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, P. S., 1963, Nuclear magnetic relaxation by intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions, Phys. Rev. 131:275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbell, W. L., and McConnell, H. M., 1971, Molecular motion in spin-labeled phospholipids and membranes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93:314.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, R. L., and Strange, J. H., 1971, Molecular motion in the plastic phase of pivalic acid studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. Mol. Phys. 22:313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James, T. L., and Noggle, J. H., 1972, 23Na NMR studies of sodium ion interactions: Phosphatidyl serine, phosphoserine and phosphoethanolamine, Anal. Biochem. 49:208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeener, J., and Broekaert, P. 1967, Nuclear magnetic resonance in solids: thermodynamic effects of a pair of rf pulses, Phys. Rev. 157:232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jendrasiak, G. L., 1972, Halide interaction with phospholipids: Proton magnetic resonance studies, Chem. Phys. Lipids 9:133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkinson, T. J., Kamat, V. B., and Chapman, D., 1969, Physical studies of myelin. II. Proton magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 183:427.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. S., 1965, Chemical rate processes and magnetic resonance, in: Advances in Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 1 (J. S. Waugh, ed.), pp. 33–102, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. P., 1966, Spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame: Weak collision case, Phys. Rev. 148:332.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Junge, W., 1972, Brownian rotation of the cytochrome oxidase in the mitochondrial inner membrane, FEBS Letters 25:109.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamat, V. B., Chapman, D., Zwaal, R. F. A., and van Deenen, L. L. M., 1970, Proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectra of erythrocyte membrane lipoproteins and apoproteins, Chem. Phys. Lipids 4:323.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karnovsky, M. J., and Unanue, E. R., 1973, Mapping and migration of lymphocyte surface macromolecules. Fed. Proc. 32:55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karnovsky, M. J., Unanue, E. R., and Leventhal, M., 1972, Ligand-induced movement of lymphocyte membrane macromolecules. IL Mapping of surface moieties, Exptl. Med. 136:907.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, S., Steim, J. M., and Gibbs, J. H., 1970, Nuclear relaxation in phospholipids and biological membranes. Nature 225:743.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keough, K. M., Oldfield, E., Chapman, D., and Beynon, P., 1973, Carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance of unsonicated model and mitochondrial membranes, Chem. Phys. Lipids 10:37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler, S. J., Horwitz, A. P., and Klein, M. P., 1972, Magnetic resonance studies on membranes and model membrane systems. IV. A comparison of yeast and egg lecithin dispersions, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 49:1414.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kornberg, R. D., and McConnell, H. M., 1971a, Lateral diffusion of phospholipids in a vesicle membrane, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 68:2564.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kornberg, R. D., and McConnell, H. M., 1971b, Inside-outside transitions of phospholipids in vesicle membranes. Biochemistry 10:111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostelnik, R. J., and Castellano, S. M., 1972, 250-MHz proton magnetic resonance spectrum of a sonicated lecithin dispersion in water: The effect of ferricyanide, manganese (II), europium (III), and gadolinium (III) ions on the choline methyl resonance, J. Mag. Res. 7:219.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kruger, G. J., 1969, Magnetische Relaxation durch Translations Diffusion in Flüssigkeiten, Z. Naturforsch. 24a:560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlmann, K. F., Grant, D. M., and Harris, R. K., 1970, Nuclear Overhauser effect and 13C relaxation times in 13C-{H} double resonance spectra, J. Chem. Phys. 52: 3439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamm, O., and Poison, A., 1936, The determination of diffusion coefficients of proteins by a refractometric method, Biochem. J. 30:528.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauer, O., Stehlik, D., and Hausser, K. H., 1972, Nuclear Zeeman and dipolar relaxation due to slow motion in aromatic single crystals, J. Mag. Res. 6:524.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, K. D., and Flautt, T. J., 1966, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of surfactant mesophases. Mol. Crystals 1:241.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, K. D., and Flautt, T. J., 1968, Mesomorphic phases. II. Proton and deuterium magnetic resonance studies of the dimethyldodecylamine oxide-deuterium oxide system, J. Phys. Chem. 72:2066.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lecar, H., Ehrenstein, G., and Stillman, I., 1971, Detection of molecular motion in lyophilized myelin by nuclear magnetic resonance, Biophys. J. 11:140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, A. G., Birdsall, N. J. M., Levine, Y. K., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1972, High resolution proton relaxation studies of lecithins, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 255:43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, A. G., Birdsall, N. J. M., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1973a, NMR studies of biological membranes, Chem. Brit. 9:116.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, A. G., Birdsall, N. J. M., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1973b, The measurement of fast lateral diffusion of lipids in vesicles and in biological membranes by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Biochemistry 12:1650.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leslie, R. B., Chapman, D., and Scanu, A. M., 1969, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of serum low density lipoproteins (LDL2), Chem. Phys. Lipid 3:152.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, Y. K., 1972, Physical studies of membrane structure, in: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 24 (J. A. V. Butler and D. Noble, eds.), pp. 1–74, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, Y. K., Birdsall, N. J. M., Lee, A. G., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1972a, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements of synthetic lecithins and the effect of spin-labeled lipids, Biochemistry 11:1416.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, Y. K., Partington, P., Roberts, G. C. K., Birdsall, N. J. M., Lee, A. G., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1972b 13C nuclear magnetic relaxation times and models for chain motion in lecithin vesicles, FEBS Letters 23:203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, Y. K., Lee, A. G., Birdsall, N. J. M., Metcalfe, J. C., and Robinson, J. D., 1973a, The interaction of paramagnetic ions and spin labels with lecithin bilayers, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 291:592.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, Y. K., Partington, P., and Roberts, G. C. K., 1973b, Calculation of dipolar nuclear magnetic relaxation times in molecules with multiple internal rotations. I. Isotopic overall motion of the molecule, Mol. Phys. 25:497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, Y. K., Birdsall, N. J. M., Lee, A. G., Metcalfe, J. C., Partington, P., and Roberts, G. C. K., 1973c, Calculation of dipolar nuclear magnetic relaxation times in molecules with multiple internal rotations. II. Theoretical results for anisotropic overall motion of the molecule, and comparison with 13C relaxation times in n-alkanes and n-alkyl bromides, J. Chem. Phys. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J. C. M., and Chang, P., 1955, Self-diffusion coefficient and viscosity in liquids, J. Chem. Phys. 23:518.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lieb, W. R., and Stein, W. D., 1969, Biological membranes behave as non-porous polymeric sheets with respect to the diffusion of non-electrolytes, Nature 224:240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linden, C. D., Wright, K. L., McConnell, H. M., and Fox, C. F., 1973, Lateral phase separations in membrane lipids and the mechanism of sugar transport in Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 70:2271.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lippmaa, E., and Pehk, T., 1967, Carbon-13 chemical shifts and electronic structure of methylene groups in hydrocarbons, Kem. Teollisuus 24:1001.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longuet-Higgins, H. C., and Austin, G., 1966, The kinetics of osmotic transport through pores of molecular dimensions, Biophys. J. 6:217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loor, F., Forni, L., and Pernis, B., 1972, The dynamic state of the lymphocyte membrane: Factors affecting the distribution and turnover of surface immunoglobulins, Europ. J. Immunol. 2:203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luzzati, V., 1968, X-ray diffraction studies of lipid-water systems, in: Biological Membranes (D. Chapman, ed.), pp. 71–123, Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynden-Bell, R. M., and Harris, R. K., 1969, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Nelson and Sons, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, H. M., Devaux, P., and Scandeila, C., 1972, Lateral diffusion and phase separations in biological membranes, in: Membrane Research (C. F. Fox, ed.), pp. 27–37, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, G. G., and Leigh, J. S., 1973, A new method for measuring longitudinal relaxation times, J. Mag. Res. 9:358.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLachlan, L. A., Natusch, D. F. S., and Newman, R. H., 1971, Spin-lattice relaxation in ordered systems, J. Mag. Res. 4:358.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meiboom, S., and Gill, D., 1958, Modified spin-echo method for measuring nuclear relaxation times. Rev. Sci. Instr. 29:688.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melchior, D. L., Morowitz, H. J., Sturtevant, J. M., and Tsong, T. Y., 1970, Characterization of the plasma membrane of Mycoplasma laidlawii. VII. Phase transitions of membrane lipids, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 219:114.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, J. C., and Burgen, A. S. V., 1968, Relaxation of anaesthetics in the presence of cyto-membranes. Nature 220:587.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, J. C., Seeman, P., and Burgen, A. S. V., 1968, The proton relaxation of benzyl alcohol in erythrocyte membranes, Mol. Pharm. 4:87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, J. C., Metcalfe, S. M., and Engelman, D. M., 1971a, Structural comparisons of native and reaggregated membranes from Mycoplasma laidlawii and erythrocytes by X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 241:412.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, J. C., Birdsall, N. J. M., Feeney, J., Lee, A. G., Levine, Y. K., and Partington, P., 1971b, 13C NMR spectra of lecithin vesicles and erythrocyte membranes, Nature 233:199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, J. C., Birdsall, N. J. M., and Lee, A. G., 1972a, NMR spectra of achole-plasma membranes containing 13C labelled phospholipids, FEBS Letters 21:335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, J. C., Birdsall, N. J. M., and Lee, A. G., 1972b, NMR studies of dynamic features of membrane structure, in: Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of the Federation of European Biochemistry Societies, Vol. 28: Mitochondria and Biomembranes, pp. 197–217, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, J. C., Birdsall, N. J. M., and Lee, A. G., 1973a, NMR studies of lipids in bilayers and membranes, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, J. C., Birdsall, N. J. M., and Lee, A. G., 1973b, NMR spectroscopy of proteins, in: Companion to Biochemistry (A. T. Bull, J. R. Lagnado, J. O. Thomas, and K. F. Tipton, eds.), Longman, London (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, D. C., and Morowitz, H. J., 1970, Studies on membrane synthesis in Bacillus megaterium KM, J. Mol. Biol. 49:441.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noggle, J. H., and Schirmer, R. E., 1971, The Nuclear Overhauser Effect, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Navon, G., and Lanir, A., 1972, NMR relaxation by intermolecular and intramolecular dipolar interactions in small molecules bound to an enzyme, J. Mag. Res. 8:144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novak, R. F., and Swift, T. J., 1972, Barbiturate interaction with phosphatidyl choline, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 69:640.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odajima, A., Sauer, J. A., and Woodward, A. E., 1962, Proton magnetic resonance of some normal paraffins and polyethylene, J. Phys. Chem. 66:718.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odeblad, E., Bhar, B. N., and Lindstrom, G., 1956, Proton magnetic resonance of human red blood cells in heavy-water exchange experiments. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 63:221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oldfield, E., and Chapman, D., 1971, Carbon-13 pulse Fourier transform NMR of lecithins, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 43:949.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oldfield, E., Marsden, J., and Chapman, D., 1971a, Proton NMR relaxation study of mobility in lipid-water systems, Chem. Phys. Lipids 7:1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oldfield, E., Chapman, D., and Derbyshire, W., 1971b, Deuteron resonance: A novel approach to the study of hydrocarbon chain mobility in membrane systems, FEBS Letters 16:102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oldfield, E., Chapman, D., and Derbyshire, W., 1972, Acholeplasma laidlawii B membrane structure: Evidence from deuteron magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lipids 9:69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, D. E., 1972, Molecular rotation in liquids: Conditional fast rotational diffusion, J. Chem. Phys. 57:885.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, D. E., Peterson, E. M., and Yasaitis, E. L., 1972a, Self-diffusion coefficients and rotational correlation times in polar liquids. IV. Dichloromethane and pyridine, J. Chem. Phys. 57:890.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, D. E., Peterson, E. M., and Hogenboom, D. L., 1972b, Self-diffusion coefficients and rotational correlation times in polar liquids. V. Cyclohexane, cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol, J. Chem. Phys. 57:3969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ostroff, E. D., and Waugh, J. S., 1966, Multiple spin echoes and spin locking in solids, Phys. Rev. Letters 16:1097.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paganelli, C. V., and Solomon, A. K., 1957, The rate of exchange of tritiated water across the human red cell membrane, J. Gen. Physiol. 41:259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papahadjopoulos, D., Jacobson, K., Niv, S., and Isai, T., 1973, Phase transitions in phospholipid vesicles: Fluorescence polarization and permeability measurements concerning the effect of temperature and cholesterol, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 311:330.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penkett, S. A., Flook, A. G., and Chapman, D., 1968, Nuclear resonance studies of lipid-water systems, Chem. Phys. Lipids 2:273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. R., and Morrison, M., 1973, Changes in accessibility of plasma membrane protein as the result of tryptic hydrolysis. Nature New Biol. 242:213.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, M. C., Kamat, V. B., and Chapman, D., 1970a, The interaction of cholesterol with the sterol free lipids of plasma membranes, Chem. Phys. Lipids 4:409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, M. C., Ladbrooke, B. D., and Chapman, D. 1970b, Molecular interactions in mixed lecithin systems, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 196:35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, M. C., Hauser, M., and Paltauf, F., 1972, The inter- and intra-molecular mixing of hydrocarbon chains in lecithin/water systems, Chem. Phys. Lipids 8:127.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powles, J. G., and Strange, J. H., 1963, Zero time resolution nuclear magnetic resonance transients in solids, Proc. Phys. Soc. 82:6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price, H. D., and Thompson, T. E., 1969, Properties of liquid bilayer membranes separating two aqueous phases: Temperature dependence of water permeability, J. Mol. Biol. 41:443.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Racker, E., 1972, Reconstitution of calcium pump with phospholipids and a purified Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase from sarcoplasmic reticulum, J. Biol. Chem. 247:8198.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raff, M. C., and de Petris, S., 1973, Movement of lymphocyte surface antigens and receptors: The fluid nature of the lymphocyte plasma membrane and its immunological significance. Fed. Proc. 32:48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, R. F., Stoddart, R. W., Metcalfe, S. M., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1972, The interaction of fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance probes with erythrocyte membrane protein fractions, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 255:888.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reich, H. J., Jautelat, M., Messe, M. T., Weigert, F. J., and Roberts, J. D., 1969, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Carbon-13 spectra of steroids, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91:7445.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Resing, H. A., and Torrey, H. C., 1963, Nuclear spin relaxation by translational diffusion. III. Spin-spin relaxation, Phys. Rev. 131:1102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, O. K., 1967, Statistical Mechanics, Thermodynamics and Kinetics, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rinne, F., 1933, Investigations and considerations concerning paracrystallinity, Trans. Faraday Soc. 29:1016.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. T., 1973, Measurement of the diffusion coefficient in the concentrated phases of the soap-water system by nuclear magnetic resonance. Nature 242:348.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. D., Birdsall, N. J. M., Lee, A. G., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1972, 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements of the lipids of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. Biochemistry 11:2903.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. D., Birdsall, N. J. M., Lee, A. G., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1973, unpublished observations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roeder, S. B. W., and Douglass, D. C., 1970, Molecular motions in several solids studied by nuclear magnetic relaxation in the rotating frame, J. Chem. Phys. 52:5525.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothfield, L. I., 1972, Some aspects of the structure and assembly of bacterial membranes, in: The Dynamic Structure of Cell Membranes (D. F. H. Wallach and H. Fischer, eds.), pp. 165–179, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salsbury, N. J., and Chapman, D., 1968, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of diacyl-l-phosphadityl cholines (lecithins), Biochim. Biophys. Acta 163:314.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salsbury, N. J., Chapman, D., and Jones, G. P., 1970, Hindered molecular rotation in 1,2-dipalmitoyl-l-phosphatidylcholine monohydrate by nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ϱ), Trans. Faraday Soc. 66:1554.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scandeila, C. J., Devaux, P., and McConnell, H. M., 1972, Rapid lateral diffusion of phospholipids in rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 69:2056.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Ullrich, R., Knüfermann, H., and Wallach, D. F. H., 1973, The reaction of l-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulphonyl chloride (DANSCl) with erythrocyte membranes: A new look at “vectorial” membrane probes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 307:353.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, F. O., 1939, The ultrastructure of protoplasmic constituents, Physiol. Rev. 19:270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seelig, J., 1970, Spin label studies of oriented smectic liquid crystals (a model system for bilayer membranes), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92:3881.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seelig, J., Limacher, H., and Bader, P., 1972, Molecular architecture of liquid crystalline bilayers, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 94:6364.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seiter, C. H. A., Feigenson, G. W., Chan, S. I., and Hsu, M. C., 1972, Delayed Fourier transform proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94:2535.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, I., 1967, Tales of the Dervishes, Jonathan Cape, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheard, B., 1969, Internal mobility of phospholipids. Nature 223:1057.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheetz, M. P., and Chan, S. I., 1972a, Proton magnetic resonance studies of whole human erythrocyte membranes, Biochemistry 11:548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheetz, M. P., and Chan, S. I., 1972b, Effect of sonication on the structure of lecithin bilayers, Biochemistry 11:4573.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shewmon, P. G., 1963, Diffusion in Solids, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoup, R. R., and Van der Hart, D. L., 1971, Effect of CH scalar coupling on 13C transverse relaxation times, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93:2053.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siekevitz, P., 1972, Biological membranes: The dynamics of their organization, Ann. Rev. Physiol. 34:117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, S. J., and Nicolson, G. L., 1972, The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175:720.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slichter, C. P., 1963, Principles of Magnetic Resonance, Harper and Row, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, I. C. P., 1971, A spin label study of the organization and fluidity of hydrated phospholipid multilayers—A model membrane system, Chimia 25:349.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W. B., and Deavenport, D. L., 1972, The effect of Eu(DPM)3 on the 13C NMR spectrum of cholesterol, J. Mag. Res. 6:256.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Speth, V., and Wunderlich, F., 1973, Membranes of Tetrahymena. II. Direct visualization of reversible transitions in biomembrane structure induced by temperature. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 291:621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steim, J. M., Edner, O. J., and Bargoot, F. G., 1968, Structure of human serum lipoproteins: Nuclear magnetic resonance supports a micellar model. Science 162:909.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steim, J. M., Tourtellotte, M. E., Reinert, J. C., McElhaney, R. N., and Rader, R. L., 1969, Calorimetric evidence for the liquid-crystalline state of lipids in a biomembrane, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 63:104.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stejskal, E. O., and Tanner, J. E., 1965, Spin diffusion measurements: spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient, J. Chem. Phys. 42:288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoffel, W., Zierenberg, O., and Tunggal, B. D., 1972, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies on saturated, mono-, di- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospho- and sphingo-lipids, Hoppe-Seyler’s Z. Physiol. Chem. 354:1962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strange, J. H., and Terenzi, M., 1970, Self-diffusion in solid succinonitrile by nuclear magnetic resonance, Mol. Phys. 19:275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundqvist, K. G., 1972, Redistribution of surface antigens—A general property of animal cells? Nature New Biol. 239:147.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. E., 1970, Use of the stimulated echo in NMR diffusion studies, J. Chem. Phys. 52:2523.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taupin, C., and McConnell, H. M., 1972, Membrane fusion, in: Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of the Federation of European Biochemistry Societies, Vol. 28: Mitochondria and Biomembranes, pp. 219–229, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R. B., Duttus, P. H., Raff, M. C., and de Petris, S., 1971, Redistribution and pinocytosis of lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin molecules induced by antiimmunoglobulin antibody. Nature New Biol. 233:225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiddy, G. J. T., 1971, Variable frequency pulsed NMR study of lyotropic liquid crystals, Nature Phys. Sci. 230:136.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiddy, G. J. T., 1972, Fluoro carbon surfactant/water mesomorphic phases. Part 4. Study of the distribution of alkyl chain mobilities in the lamellar phase of the sodium 12,12,13,13,14,14,14-heptafluoromyristate/D2O system by 19F and 1H spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance, Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I 68:670.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tinker, D. O., 1972, Light scattering by phospholipid dispersions: Theory of light scattering by hollow spherical particles, Chem. Phys. Lipids 8:230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torrey, H. C., 1953, Nuclear spin relaxation by translational diffusion, Phys. Rev. 92:962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trauble, H., 1971a, Phasenumwandlungen in Lipiden mögliche Schaltprozesse in biologischen Membranen, Naturwissenschaften 58:277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trauble, H., 1971b, The movement of molecules across lipid membranes: A molecular theory, J. Membrane Biol. 4:193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trauble, H., and Sackmann, E., 1972, Studies of the crystalline-liquid crystalline phase transition of lipid model membranes. III. Structure of a steroid-lecithin system below and above the lipid-phase transition, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94:4499.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tria, E., and Scanu, A. M. (eds.), 1969, Structural and Functional Aspects of Lipoproteins in Living Systems, Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsong, T. Y., Hearn, R. P., Wrathall, D. P., and Sturtevant, J. M., 1970, A calorimetric study of thermally induced conformational transitions of ribonuclease A and certain of its derivatives. Biochemistry 9:2666.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Unanue, E. R., Perkins, W. D., and Karnovsky, M. J., 1972, Ligand-induced movement of lymphocyte membrane macromolecules. 1. Analysis by immunofluorescence and ultrastructural radio-autography, J. Exptl. Med. 136:885.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Deenen, L. L. M., 1971, Chemistry of phospholipids in relation to biological membranes, Pure Appl. Chem. 25:25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Geet, A. L., and Hume, D. N., 1965, Measurement of proton relaxation times with a high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 37:983.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Putte, K., 1970, Spin-lattice relaxation in anhydrous sodium and lithium soaps between 23° and 180°C, J. Mag. Res. 2:23.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Putte, K., and Egmond, G. J. N., 1971, An experimental check on the dominant role of reorienting methyl groups on the spin-lattice relaxation behaviour in a C17 lithium soap, J. Mag. Res. 4:236.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Putte, K., and van den Enden, J., 1971, On the nuclear magnetic resonance line shape of solid heptane, J. Phys. Chem. 75:3901.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Vleck, J. H., 1948, The dipolar broadening of magnetic resonance lines in crystals, Phys. Rev. 74:1168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veksli, Z., Salsbury, N. J., and Chapman, D., 1969, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of molecular motion in some pure lecithin-water systems, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 183:434.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vilallonga, F., 1968, Surface chemistry of l-α-dipalmitoyl lecithin at the air-water interface, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 163:290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visintainer, J. J., Doane, J. W., and Pischel, D. L., 1971, Quadrupole and proton spin-lattice relaxation in the nematic liquid crystalline phase, Mol. Crystals 13:69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, W. V., and Hayes, R. G., 1971, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the interaction of water with the polar region of phosphatidylcholine micelles in benzene, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 249:345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, G., Birdsall, N. J. M., Lee, A. G., Metcalfe, J. C., and Toon, P., 1973, unpublished observations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, C. L., and Johnson, C. S., 1971, Nuclear spin relaxation in nematic liquid crystals, J. Phys. Chem. 75:2452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watts, P. H., Pangbom, W. A., and Hybl, A., 1972, X-ray structure of racemic glycerol 1,2-(di-11-bromoundecanoate)-3-1-p-toluene sulphonate). Science 175:60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkins, M. H. F., Blaurock, A. E., and Engelman, D. M., 1971, Bilayer structure in membranes, Nature New Biol. 230:72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. M., and Chapman, D., 1972, Phospholipids, liquid crystals and cell membranes, in: Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and Other Lipids (R. T. Holman, ed.), pp. 3–79, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, A. E., 1972, Discussion of paper by Chapman, D., 1972, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 195:266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yahara, I., and Edelman, G. M., 1972, Restriction of the mobility of lymphocyte immunoglobulin receptors by concanavalin A, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 69:608.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zwolinski, B. J., Eyring, H., and Reese, C. E., 1949, Diffusion and membrane permeability. I, J. Phys. Chem. 53:1426.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, England

    A. G. Lee, N. J. M. Birdsall & J. C. Metcalfe

Authors
  1. A. G. Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. J. M. Birdsall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. C. Metcalfe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section on Cellular Biochemistry and Ultrastructure, National Heart and Lung Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Edward D. Korn

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1974 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lee, A.G., Birdsall, N.J.M., Metcalfe, J.C. (1974). Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation and the Biological Membrane. In: Korn, E.D. (eds) Methods in Membrane Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8960-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8960-0_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8962-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8960-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation