Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nutritional Effects of Hepatic Failure

  • Chapter
Nutrition

Part of the book series: Human Nutrition ((HUNU,volume 4))

  • 185 Accesses

Abstract

The liver plays a principal role in the digestion, metabolism, and storage of nutrients. Liver disease is commonly associated with a deficiency of nutrients. Among the causes of malnutrition in liver disease are decreased intake, decreased absorption, abnormalities in metabolism, decreased storage, and increased requirements of nutrients. Alcoholism is a frequent etiologic factor in the development of both malnutrition and liver disease, but nutritional deficiencies are common also in liver diseases not associated with alcoholism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Amatuzio, D. S., Stutzman, F., Shrifter, N., and Nesbitt, S., 1952, A study of serum electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, P) in patients with severely decompensated portal cirrhosis of the liver, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 39:26–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arky, R. A., and Freinkel, N., 1969, Hypoglycemic action of alcohol, in: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism (V. M. Sardesai, ed.), pp. 67–80, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, 111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Astaldi, G., and Strosselli, E., 1960, Peroral biopsy of the intestinal mucosa in hepatic cirrhosis, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 5:603–612.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, M., Nordin, B. E. C., and Sherlock, S., 1956, Malabsorption and bone disease in prolonged obstructive jaundice, Q. J. Med. 25:299–312.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Badley, B. W. D., Murphy, G. M., Bouchier, I. A. D., and Sherlock, S., 1970, Diminished micellar phase lipid in patients with chronic nonalcoholic liver disease and steatorrhea, Gastroenterology 58:781–789.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H., Frank, O., Ziffer, H., Goldfarb, S., Leevy, C. M., and Sobotka, H., 1964, Effect of hepatic disease on liver B-complex vitamin titers, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 14:1–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baraona, E., Orrego, H., Fernandez, O., Amenabar, E., Maldonado, E., Tag, F., and Salinas, A., 1962, Absorptive function of the small intestine in liver cirrhosis, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 7:318–330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baraona, E., Pirola, R. C., and Lieber, C. S., 1974, Small intestinal damage and changes in cell population produced by ethanol ingestion in the rat, Gastroenterology 66:226–234.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, D., 1969, Glucose tolerance, free fatty acid, and serum insulin responses in patients with cirrhosis, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 14:691–699.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertino, J. R., Ward, J., Sartorelli, A. C., and Silber, R., 1965, An effect of ethanol on folate metabolism, J. Clin. Invest. 44:1028.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, R., Mariani, G., Pilo, A., and Toni, M. G., 1974, Serum albumin turnover in liver cirrhosis, J. Nucl. Biol. Med. 18:20–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyett, J. D., and Sullivan, J. F., 1970a, Zinc and collagen content of cirrhotic liver, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 15:797–802.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyett, J. D., and Sullivan, J. F., 1970b, Distribution of protein-bound zinc in normal and cirrhotic serum, Metabolism 19:148–157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casey, T. H., Summerskill, W. H. J., and Orvis, A. L., 1965, Body and serum potassium in liver disease, I: Relationship to hepatic function and associated factors, Gastroenterology 48:198–207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, T., Lewis, J., and Glazko, A. J., 1967, Effect of ethanol and other alcohols on the transport of amino acids and glucose by everted sacs of rat small intestine, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 135:1000–1007.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cherrick, G. R., Baker, H., Frank, O., and Leevy, C.M., 1965, Observations on hepatic avidity for folate in Laennec’s cirrhosis, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 66:446–451.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collesson, L., Grilliat, J. P., Mathieu, J., and Laurent, J., 1965, L’ostéose raréfiante dans les cirrhoses du foie, Presse Med. 73:2571–2574.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J. R., and Crofford, O. B., 1969, Glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in patients with liver disease, Arch. Intern. Med. 124:142–148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J. R., Lacy, W. W., Stiel, J. N., and Crofford, O. B., 1970, Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in patients with liver disease, II: A study of etiologie factors and evaluation of insulin actions, Arch. Intern. Med. 126:608–614.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conn, H. O., 1970, Cirrhosis and diabetes, IV: Effect of potassium chloride administration on glucose and insulin metabolism, Am. J. Med. Sci. 259:394–404.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corrocher, R., De Sandre, G., Pacor, M. L., and Hoffbrand, A. V., 1974, Hepatic protein binding of folate, Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 46:551–554.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A. E., and Biggs, J. C., 1964, Iron absorption in haemochromatosis and cirrhosis of the liver, Australas. Ann. Med. 13:201–203.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey, H., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M., 1958, Copper metabolism, XXVII: Influence of biliary duct ligation on serum and tissue copper, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 99:67–69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, E., 1965, Blood coagulation changes in liver disease, in: Progress in Liver Diseases (H. Popper and F. Schaffner, eds.), pp. 69–83, Grune & Stratton, New York,

    Google Scholar 

  • de Wardener, H. E., 1969, Control of sodium reabsorption, Br. Med. J. 3:611–616, 676–683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eichner, E. R., Pierce, H. I., and Hillman, R. S., 1971, Folate balance in dietary-induced megaloblastic anemia, New Engl. J. Med. 284:933–938.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faraj, B. A., Bowen, P. A., Isaacs, J. W., and Rudman, D., 1976, Hypertyraminemia in cirrhotic patients, New Engl. J. Med. 294:1360–1364.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fast, B. B., Wolfe, S. J., Stormont, J. M., and Davidson, C. S., 1959, Fat absorption in alcoholics with cirrhosis, Gastroenterology 37:321–324.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felig, P., Brown, W. V., Levine, R. A., and Klatskin, G., 1970, Glucose homeostasis in viral hepatitis, New Engl. J. Med. 283:1436–1440.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fennelly, J., Frank, O., Baker, H., and Leevy, C.M., 1967, Red blood cell-transketolase activity in malnourished alcoholics with cirrhosis, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 20:946–949.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernstrom, J. D., and Wurtman, R. J., 1972, Brain serotonin content: Physiological regulation by plasma neutral amino acids, Science 178:414–416.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, J. E., Funovics, J. M., Aguirre, A., James, J. H., Keane, J. M., Westdrop, R. I. C, Yoshimura, N., and Westman, T., 1975, The role of plasma amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy, Surgery 78:276–290.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, J. E., Rosen, H. M., Ebeid, A. M., James, J. H., Keane, J. M., and Soeters, P. B., 1976, The effect of normalization of plasma amino acids on hepatic encephalopathy in man, Surgery 80:77–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, C. R., Dickson, E. R., Baggenstoss, A. H., and McCall, J. T., 1974, Copper and primary biliary cirrhosis, Gastroenterology 67:1182–1187.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forsander, O. A., 1966, Influence of the metabolism of ethanol on the lactate/pyruvate ratio of rat-liver slices, Biochem. J. 98:244–247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, O., Luisada-Oper, A., Sorrell, M. F., Thomson, A. D., and Baker, H., 1971, Vitamin deficits in severe alcoholic fatty liver of man calculated from multiple reference units, Exp. Mol. Pathol. 15:191–197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freinkel, N., Singer, D. L., Arky, R. A., Bleicher, S. J., Anderson, J. B., and Silbert, C. K., 1963, Alcohol hypoglycemia, I: Carbohydrate metabolism of patients with clinical alcohol hypoglycemia and the experimental reproduction of the syndrome with pure ethanol, J. Clin. Invest. 42:1112–1133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, A. I., and McEwan, G., 1963, Small bowel absorption in portal cirrhosis with ascites, Am. J. Gastroenterol. 39:114–122.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabuzda, G. J., and Shear, L., 1970, Metabolism of dietary protein in hepatic cirrhosis, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 23:479–487.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabuzda, G. J., Jr., Eckhardt, R. D., and Davidson, C. S., 1952, Urinary excretion of amino acids in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and in normal adults, J. Clin. Invest. 31:1015–1022.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginsberg, H., Olefsky, J., Farquhar, J. W., and Reaven, G. M., 1974, Moderate ethanol ingestion and plasma triglyceride levels: A study of normal and hypertriglyceridemic persons, Ann. Intern. Med. 80:143–149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glass, G. B. J., and Mersheimer, W. L., 1960, Metabolic turnover of vitamin B12 in the normal and diseased liver, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 8:285–292.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grace, N. D., Moore, E. W., and Chalmers, T. C., 1967, The pancreas and iron absorption: In vitro studies of iron-pancreatic interactions, Gastroenterology 52:1113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, M. S., Strohmeyer, G., Hine, G. J., Keene, W. R., Curtis, G., and Chalmers, T. C, 1964, Studies on iron absorption, III: Body radioactivity measurements of patients with liver diseases, Gastroenterology 46:651–661.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J. B., Comfort, M. W., Wollaeger, E. E., and Power, M. H., 1950, External pancreatic function in primary parenchymatous hepatic disease as measured by analysis of duodenal contents before and after stimulation with secretin, Gastroenterology 16:151–161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gudbjarnason, S., and Prasad, A. S., 1969, Cardiac metabolism in experimental alcoholism, in: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism (V. M. Sardesai, ed.), pp. 266–272, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, 111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, T. J., Birge, S. J., Scharp, C. R., and Avioli, L. V., 1972, Phenobarbital-induced alterations in vitamin D metabolism, J. Clin. Invest. 51:741–748.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halsted, C. H., Robles, E. A., and Mezey, E., 1973, Intestinal malabsorption in folate-deficient alcoholics, Gastroenterology 64:526–532.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinemann, H. O., and Emirgil, C., 1960, Hypokalemia in liver disease, Metabolism 9:869–879.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hepner, G. W., Roginsky, M., and Moo, H. F., 1976, Abnormal vitamin D metabolism in patients with cirrhosis, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 21:527–532.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hines, J. D., 1975, Hemotologic abnormalities involving vitamin B6 and folate metabolism in alcoholic subjects, Ann.N.Y. Acad. Sci. 252:316–327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hines, J. D., and Cowan, D. H., 1970, Studies on the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced sideroblastic bone marrow abnormalities, New Engl. J. Med. 283:441–446.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirayama, C., 1971, Tryptophan metabolism in liver disease, Clin. Chim. Acta 32:191–197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iber, F. L., 1966, Protein loss into the gastrointestinal tract in cirrhosis of the liver, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 19:219–222.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iber, F. L., Rosen, H., Levenson, S. M., and Chalmers, T. C., 1957, The plasma amino acids in patients with liver failure, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 50:417–425.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Israel, Y., Salazar, I., and Rosenmann, E., 1968, Inhibitory effects of alcohol on intestinal amino acid transport in vivo and in vitro, J. Nutr. 96:499–504.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Israel, Y., Valenzuela, J. E., Salazar, I., and Ugarte, G., 1969, Alcohol and amino acid transport in the human small intestine, J. Nutr. 98:222–224.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kägi, J. H. R., and Vallée, B. L., 1960, Metallothionein: A cadmium and zinc-containing protein from equine renal cortex, J. Biol. Chem. 235:3460–3465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keating, J. P., Karl, I. E., DeVivo, D. C., and Haymond, M. W., 1975, Hypophosphatemia in Reye’s syndrome, (Letter), Lancet 2:39–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kekomäki, M., Schwartz, A. L., and Pentikäinen, P., 1970, Rate of urea synthesis in normal and cirrhotic rat liver with reference to the arginine synthetase system, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 5:375–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khatra, B. S., Smith, R. B., III, Millikan, W. J., Sewell, C. W., Warren, W. D., and Rudman, D., 1974, Activities of Krebs-Henseleit enzymes in normal and cirrhotic human liver, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 84:708–715.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinney, T. D., Kaufman, N., and Klavins, J., 1955, Effect of ethionine-induced pancreatic damage on iron absorption, J. Exp. Med. 102:151–156.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirsch, R., Frith, L., Black, E., and Hoffenberg, R., 1968, Regulation of albumin synthesis and catabolism by alteration of dietary protein, Nature (Lond.) 217:578–579.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leach, R. M., Jr., 1971, Role of manganese in mucopolysaccharide metabolism, Fed. Proc. 30:991–994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. P., and Lai, K. S., 1976, Exocrine pancreatic function in hepatic cirrhosis, Am. J. Gastroenterol. 65:244–248.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leevy, C. M., 1966, Abnormalities of hepatic DNA synthesis in man, Medicine 45:423–433.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leevy, C. M., 1967, Clinical diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of liver disease in alcoholics, Fed. Proc. 26:1474–1481.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leevy, C. M., Baker, H., TénHove, W., Frank, O., and Cherrick, G. R., 1965, B-complex vitamins in liver disease of the alcoholic, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 16:339–346.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leevy, C. M., Thompson, A., and Baker, H., 1970, Vitamins and liver injury, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 23:493–499.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leevy, C. M., Valdellon, E., and Smith, F., 1971, Nutritional factors in alcoholism and its complications, in: Biological Basis of Alcoholism (Y. Israel and J. Mardones, eds.), pp. 365–382, Wiley-Interscience, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieber, C. S., and Spritz, N., 1966, Effects of prolonged ethanol intake in man: Role of dietary, adipose, and endogenously synthesized fatty acids in the pathogenesis of the alcoholic fatty liver, J. Clin. Invest. 45:1400–1411.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, P., and Jacobs, E., 1972, Magnesium deficiency in liver cirrhosis, J. Med. 41:291–300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindenbaum, J., and Lieber, C. S., 1969, Alcohol induced malabsorption of vitamin B12 in man, Nature (Lond) 224:806.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linscheer, W. G., 1970, Malabsorption in cirrhosis, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 23:488–492.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lumeng, L., and Li, T. K., 1974, Vitamin B6 metabolism in chronic alcohol abuse: Pyridoxal phosphate levels in plasma and the effects of acetaldehyde on pyridoxal phosphate synthesis and degradation of human erytrocytes, J. Clin. Invest. 53:693–704.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maddrey, W. C., Weber, F. L., Jr., Coulter, A. W., CHura, C. M., Chapanis, N. P., and Walser, M., 1976, Effects of keto analogues of essential amino acids in portal-systemic encephalopathy, Gastroenterology 71:190–195.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mader, I. J., and Iseri, L. T., 1955, Spontaneous hypopotassemia, hypomagnesemia, alkalosia, and tetany due to hypersecretion of cortisone-like mineralocoticoids, Am. J. Med. 19:976–988.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maier, K. P., Volk, B., Hoppe-Seyler, G., and Gerok, W., 1974, Urea-cycle enzymes in normal liver and in patients with alcoholic hepatitis, Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 4:193–195.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malagelada, J. R., Pihl, O., and Linscheer, W. G., 1974, Impaired absorption of micellar longchain fatty acid in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 19:1016–1020.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, F. C., 1927, The effects of complete and of partial removal of the liver, Medicine 6:419–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manzato, E., Fellin, R., Baggio, G., Walch, S., Neubeck, W., and Seidel, D., 1976, Formation of lipoprotein-X: Its relationship to bile compounds, J. Clin. Invest. 57:1248–1260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marin, G. A., Clark, M. L., and Senior, J. R., 1968, Distribution of d-xylose in sequestered fluid resulting in false positive tests for malabsorption, Ann. Intern. Med. 69:1155–1162.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marin, G. A., Clark, M. L., and Senior, J. R., 1969, Studies of malabsorption occurring in patients with Laennec’s cirrhosis, Gastroenterology 56:727–736.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, G., and Schomerus, H., 1975, Synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen during and after acute hepatitis, Digestion 13:261–271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCollister, R. J., Flink, E. B., and Lewis, M. D., 1963, Urinary excretion of magnesium in man following the ingestion of ethanol, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 12:415–420.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNeely, M. D., Sunderman, F. W., Jr., Nechay, N. W., and Levine, H., 1971, Abnormal concentrations of nickel in serum in cases of myocardial infarction, stroke, burns, hepatic cirrhosis, and uremia, Clin. Chem. 17:1123–1128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendel, G. A., 1964, Increased iron absorption during liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy, Am. Med. Assoc. 189:369–370.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mertz, W., 1976, Chromium and its relation to carbohydrate metabolism, Med. Clin. North Am. 60:739–744.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mezey, E., 1975, Intestinal function in chronic alcoholism, Ann.N.Y. Acad. Sci. 252:215–227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mezey, E., and Faillace, L. A., 1971, Metabolic impairment and recovery time in acute ethanol intoxication, J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 153:445–452.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mezey, E., and Potter, J. J., 1976, Changes in exocrine pancreatic function produced by altered dietary protein intake in drinking alcoholics, Johns Hopkins Med. J. 138:7–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mezey, E., Jow, E., Slavin, R. E., and Tobon, F., 1970, Pancreatic function and intestinal absorption in chronic alcoholism, Gastroenterology 59:657–664.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, L. L., 1962, The role of the liver and the non-hepatic tissues in the regulation of free amino acid levels in the blood, in: Amino Acid Pools (J. T. Holden, ed.), pp. 708–721, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mistilis, S. P., and Ockner, R. K., 1972, Effects of ethanol on endogenous lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in small intestine, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 80:34–46.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moeller, D. D., Dunn, G. D., and Klotz, A. P., 1974, Pancreatic function in malabsorbing alcoholic cirrhotics, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 19:779–784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, A. G., Kelleher, J., Walker, B. E., and Losowsky, M. S., 1976, Nutrition in cryptogenic cirrhosis and chronic aggressive hepatitis, Gut 17:113–118.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, S. A., Russell, R. M., Carney, E. A., and Oaks, E. V., 1976, Failure of cirrhotics with hypovitaminosis A to achieve normal dark adaptation performance on vitamin A replacement, Gastroenterology 71:922 (abstr.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, J., and Stein, N., 1966, The case for increased iron absorption in liver disease, Medicine 45:507–512.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, M. J., and Stein, N., 1964, The effect of ligation of the pancreatic duct of rats on the absorption of Fe59 and its deposition in the liver, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 64:989–990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ning, M., Lowenstein, L. M., and Davidson, C. S., 1967, Serum amino acid concentrations in alcoholic hepatitis, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 70:554–562.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olatunbosun, D., Corbett, W. E. N., Ludwig, J., and Valberg, L. S., 1970, Alteration of cobalt absorption in portal cirrhosis and idiopathic hemochromatosis, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 75:754–762.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, C. J., Eichner, E. R., and Dickson, V., 1973, Concordance of radioassay and microbiological assay in the study of the ethanol-induced fall in serum folate level, Am. J. Med. Sci. 266:135–138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papavasiliou, P. S., Miller, S. T., and Cotzias, G. C., 1966, Role of liver in regulating distribution and excretion of manganese, Am. J. Physiol. 211:211–216.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patek, A. J., Jr., and Haig, C., 1939, The occurrence of abnormal dark adaptation and its relation to vitamin A metabolism in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, J. Clin. Invest. 18:609–616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfrunner, G., Nguyen-Huy, N., Bockel, R., and Stahl, A., 1973, Études de l’uréogenèse dans les cirrhoses hépatiques par le dosage de l’activité de l’ornithine-carbamoyl-transférase et de l’arginase sur prélèvements biopsiques de foie, Pathol. Biol. 21:719–723.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Podolsky, S., Zimmerman, H. J., Burrows, B. A., Cardarelli, J. A., and Pattavina, C. G., 1973, Potassium depletion in hepatic cirrhosis: A reversible cause of impaired growth-hormone and insulin response to stimulation, New Engl. J. Med. 288:644–648.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reyes, H., Levi, A. J., Gatmaitan, Z., and Arias, I. M., 1971, Studies of Y and Z, two hepatic cytoplasmic organic anion-binding proteins: Effect of drugs, chemicals, hormones, and cholestasis, J. Clin. Invest. 50:2242–2252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, H. R., and Cederbaum, A. I., 1972, The liver and blood coagulation: Physiology and pathology, Gastroenterology 63:297–320.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild, M. A., Oratz, M., Zimmon, D., Schreiber, S. S., Weiner, I., and Van Caneghem, A., 1969, Albumin synthesis in cirrhotic subjects with ascites studied with carbonate-14C, J. Clin. Invest. 48:344–350.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild, M. A., Oratz, M., and Schreiber, S. S., 1974, Alcohol, amino acids, and albumin synthesis, Gastroenterology 67:1200–1213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, E., Rybak, B. J., Lindenbaum, J., Gerson, C. D., Walker, G., and Lieber, C. S., 1972, Ultrastructural changes in the small intestine induced by ethanol, Gastroenterology 63:801–814.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudman, D., Akgun, S., Galambos, J. T., McKinney, A. S., Cullen, A. B., Gerron, G. G., and Howard, C. H., 1970, Observations on the nitrogen metabolism of patients with portal cirrhosis, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 23:1203–1211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudman, D., DiFulco, T. J., Galambos, J. T., Smith, R. B., III, Salam, A. A., and Warren, W. D., 1973, Maximal rates of excretion and synthesis of urea in normal and cirrhotic subjects, J. Clin. Invest. 52:2241–2249.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarles, H., Figarella, C., and Clémente, F., 1971, The interaction of ethanol, dietary lipid, and proteins on the rat pancreas, I: Pancreatic enzymes, Digestion 4:13–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, S. J., Bank, S., and Airth, E., 1962, Iron absorption in pancreatic disease, Lancet 2:510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saville, P. D., 1975, Alcohol-related skeletal disorders, Ann.N.Y. Acad. Sci. 252:287–291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, E. T., Eich, R. H., Smulyan, H., Gould, A. B., and Gabuzda, G. J., 1970, Plasma renin level in hepatic cirrhosis, Am. J. Med. 49:186–191.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, K., 1965, The role of vitamin E, selenium, and related factors in experimental nutritional liver disease, Fed. Proc. 24:58–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sestoft, L., and Rehfeld, J. F., 1970, Insulin and glucose metabolism in liver cirrhosis and in liver failure, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 7:133–136.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, J. B., Kepkay, D. L., and Poon, R., 1974, Serum cholesterol esterification in human liver disease: Role of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesterol ester hydrolase, Gastroenterology 66:539–547.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smallwood, R. A., Williams, H. A., Rosenoer, V. M., and Sherlock, S., 1968, Liver-copper levels in liver disease: Studies using neutron activation analysis, Lancet 2:1310–1313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, F. R., and Goodman, D. S., 1971, The effects of diseases of the liver, thyroid and kidneys on the transport of vitamin A in human plasma, J. Clin. Invest. 50:2426–2436.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorrell, M. F., Baker, H., Barak, A. J., and Frank, O., 1974, Release by ethanol of vitamins into rat liver perfusates, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 27:743–745.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stabenau, J. R., Warren, K. S., and Rail, D. P., 1959, The role of pH gradient in the distribution of ammonia between blood and cerebrospinal fluid, brain and muscle, J. Clin. Invest. 38:373–383.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, J. H., Smith, W. O., and Ginn, H. E., 1966, Hypophosphatemia in acute alcoholism, Am. J. Med. Sci. 252:78–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, G. T., and Leu, M. L., 1975, Wilson’s disease: Clinical and laboratory manifestations in 40 patients, Medicine 54:113–137.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, J. F., and Heaney, R. P., 1970, Zinc metabolism in alcoholic liver disease, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 23:170–177.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, L. W., and Herbert, V., 1964, Suppression of hematopoiesis by ethanol, J. Clin. Invest. 43:2048–2062.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Summerskill, W. H. J., and Moertel, C. G., 1962, Malabsorption syndrome associated with anicteric liver disease, Gastroenterology 42:380–392.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Summerskill, W. H. J., Wolfe, S. J., and Davidson, C. S., 1957, The metabolism of ammonia and a-keto-acids in liver disease and hepatic coma, J. Clin. Invest. 36:361–372.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, D. C., Albacete, R. A., and Chen, J. K., 1967, Malabsorption studies in cirrhosis of the liver, Arch. Intern. Med. 119:567–572.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swartz, M. C., Brewster, A. C., and Sullivan, J. F., 1966, Fat transport in cirrhosis, Am. J. Med. Sci. 252:701–708.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thallassinos, N., Hatzioannou, J., Scliros, Ph., Kanaghinis, T., Anastosiou, C., Crocos, P., Thomopoulos, D., and Gardikas, C., 1975, Plasma a-lipoprotein pattern in acute viral hepatitis, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 20:148–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, G. R., Barrowman, J., Gutierrez, L., and Dowling, R. H., 1971, Actions of neomycin on the intraluminal phase of lipid absorption, J. Clin. Invest. 50:319–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallee, B. L., 1959, Biochemistry, physiology, and pathology of zinc, Physiol. Rev. 39:443–490.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Goidsenhoven, G. E., Henke, W. J., Vacca, J. B., and Knight, W. A., Jr., 1963, Pancreatic function in cirrhosis of the liver, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 8:160–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Victor, M., 1973, The role of hypomagnesemia and respiratory alkalosis in the genesis of alcohol-withdrawal symptoms, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 215:235–248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vlahcevic, Z. R., Buhac, I., Farrar, J. T., Bell, C. C., Jr., and Swell, L., 1971, Bile acid metabolism in patients with cirrhosis, I: Kinetic aspects of cholic acid metabolism, Gastro-enterology 60:491–498.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volini, F., de la Huerga, J., and Kent, G., 1968, Trace metal studies in liver disease using atomic absorption spectrometry, in: Laboratory Diagnosis of Liver Disease (F. W. Sunderman and F. W. Sunderman, Jr., eds.), pp. 199–219, Warren H. Green, St. Louis, Mo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagonfeld, J. B., Nemchausky, B. A., Bolt, M., Horst, J. V., Boyer, J. L., and Rosenberg, I. H., 1976, Comparison of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the therapy of primary biliary cirrhosis, Lancet 2:391–393.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahner-Roedler, D. L., Fairbanks, V. F., and Linman, J. W., 1975, Cobalt excretion test as index of iron absorption and diagnostic test for iron deficiency, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 85:253–259.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, B. E., Dawson, J. B., Kelleher, J., and Losowsky, M. S., 1973, Plasma and urinary zinc in patients with malabsorption syndromes or hepatic cirrhosis, Gut 14:943–948.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walshe, J. M., and Senior, B., 1955, Disturbances of cystine metabolism in liver disease, J. Clin. Invest. 34:302–310.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, A. H., Morley, A. A., and Rankin, J. G., 1966, Effect of alcohol on haemopoiesis, Br. Med. J. 2:1565–1568.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R., Williams, H. S., Scheuer, P. J., Pitcher, C. S., Loiseau, E., and Sherlock, S., 1967, Iron absorption and siderosis in chronic liver disease, Q. J. Med. 36:151–166.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worning, H. S., Müllertz, S., Thaysen, E. H., and Bang, H. O., 1967, pH and concentration of pancreatic enzymes in aspirates from the human duodenum during digestion of a standard meal in patients with biliary and hepatic disorders, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2:150–156.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, C., Bollman, J. L., and Butt, H. R., 1955, Changes in free amino acids in the plasma during hepatic coma, J. Clin. Invest. 34:845–849.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wurtman, R. J., Larin, F., Mostafapour, S., and Fernstrom, J. D., 1974, Brain cathechol synthesis: Control by brain tyrosine concentration, Science 185:183–184.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zinneman, H. H., Seal, U. S., and Doe, R. P., 1969, Plasma and urinary amino acids in Laennec’s cirrhosis, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 14:118–126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Esteban Mezey

  2. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Esteban Mezey

Authors
  1. Esteban Mezey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, Davis, California, USA

    Robert E. Hodges

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mezey, E. (1979). Nutritional Effects of Hepatic Failure. In: Hodges, R.E. (eds) Nutrition. Human Nutrition, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7213-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7213-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7215-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7213-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation