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LDL oxidation by arterial wall macrophages depends on the oxidative status in the lipoprotein and in the cells: Role of prooxidants vs. antioxidants

  • Chapter
Molecular and Cellular Effects of Nutrition on Disease Processes

Part of the book series: Developments in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry ((DMCB,volume 26))

Abstract

Oxidized LDL is highly atherogenic as it stimulates macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation, it is cytotoxic to cells of the arterial wall and it stimulates inflammatory and thrombotic processes. LDL oxidation can lead to its subsequent aggregation, which further increases cellular cholesterol accumulation.

All major cells in the arterial wall including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and monocyte derived macrophages can oxidize LDL. Macrophage-mediated oxidation of LDL is probably a hallmark in early atherosclerosis, and it depends on the oxidative state of the LDL and that of the macrophages. The LDL oxidative state is elevated by increased ratio of poly/mono unsaturated fatty acids, and it is reduced by elevation of LDL-associated antioxidants such as vitamin E, ²-carotene, lycopene, and polyphenolic flavonoids.

The macrophage oxidative state depends on the balance between cellular NADPH -oxidase and the glutathione system. LDL-associated polyphenolic flavonoids which inhibit its oxidation, can also reduce macrophage oxidative state, and subsequently the cell-mediated oxidation of LDL. Oxidation of the macrophage lipids, which occurs under oxidative stress, can lead to cell-mediated oxidation of LDL even in the absence of transition metal ions, and may be operable in vivo.

Finally, elimination of Ox-LDL from extracellular spaces, after it was formed under excessive oxidative stress, can possibly be achieved by the hydrolytic action of HDL-associated paraoxonase on lipoprotein’s lipid peroxides. The present review article summarizes the above issues with an emphasis on our own data. (Mol Cell Biochem 188: 149–159, 1998)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel

    Michael Aviram & Bianca Fuhrman

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  1. Michael Aviram
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  2. Bianca Fuhrman
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6

    Grant N. Pierce

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara Kanagawa 228, Japan

    Tohru Izumi (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  3. Medizinische Forschung Philipps University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str., 135033, Marburg, Germany

    Heinz Rupp

  4. INRA, Lipides Membranaires et Fonctions Cardiovasculaires Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 Av de l’Observatoire, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France

    Alain Grynberg

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Aviram, M., Fuhrman, B. (1998). LDL oxidation by arterial wall macrophages depends on the oxidative status in the lipoprotein and in the cells: Role of prooxidants vs. antioxidants. In: Pierce, G.N., Izumi, T., Rupp, H., Grynberg, A. (eds) Molecular and Cellular Effects of Nutrition on Disease Processes. Developments in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol 26. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5763-0_16

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