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Effect of enteral nutritional products differing in carbohydrate and fat on indices of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with NIDDM

  • Chapter
Molecular and Cellular Effects of Nutrition on Disease Processes

Part of the book series: Developments in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry ((DMCB,volume 26))

Abstract

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with chronic hyperglycemia, which increases the risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Elevated triglyceride (TG) and VLDL cholesterol levels and low levels of HDL cholesterol have also been frequently reported in NIDDM patients. A diet high in complex carbohydrate and low in fat is typically recommended for management of NIDDM, however, this has recently been challenged by scientific reports of the benefits of dietary intakes high in monounsaturated fat. Thirty-two individuals with NIDDM were randomized to receive either Ensure with Fibre® (30% fat) or a high monounsaturated fatty acid product, Glucerna® (50% fat). These products were consumed for 28 days at >80% of daily energy intake. Post-treatment, dietary compliance was verified by a higher plasma TG 18:1 n-9 (p < 0.001) in the Glucerna® group and a higher plasma TG 18:2 n-6 (p < 0.001) in the Ensure with Fibre® group. The postprandial rise in blood glucose levels, determined by fingerprick samples, was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the Glucerna® group. Trends of clinical interest were greater mean decreases in the Glucerna® group compared to the Ensure with Fibre® group in: fructosamine, 9.13 umol/L vs 0.14 umol/L; glucose, 1.61 mmol/L vs 0.63 mmol/L; and insulin, 46.0 pmol/L vs 12.6 pmol/L; respectively. However, overall, fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, TG and cholesterol levels were not significantly different between groups. Thus, in these patients, the high monounsaturated fat diet and the standard diet were similar with regard to usual indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. A high monounsaturated fat diet appears to pose no risk to lipoprotein metabolism in NIDDM patients. (Mol Cell Biochem 188: 81–89, 1998)

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada

    Linda J. McCargar

  2. School of Family and Nutritional Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada

    Elaine Bowron & Joseph Leichter

  3. Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Canada

    Sheila M. Innis & Katherine Wall

  4. Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada

    Keith Dawson

  5. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada

    Ellen Toth

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  1. Linda J. McCargar
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  2. Sheila M. Innis
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  3. Elaine Bowron
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  4. Joseph Leichter
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  5. Keith Dawson
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  6. Ellen Toth
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  7. Katherine Wall
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6

    Grant N. Pierce

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara Kanagawa 228, Japan

    Tohru Izumi (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  3. Medizinische Forschung Philipps University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str., 135033, Marburg, Germany

    Heinz Rupp

  4. INRA, Lipides Membranaires et Fonctions Cardiovasculaires Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 Av de l’Observatoire, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France

    Alain Grynberg

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© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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McCargar, L.J. et al. (1998). Effect of enteral nutritional products differing in carbohydrate and fat on indices of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with NIDDM. In: Pierce, G.N., Izumi, T., Rupp, H., Grynberg, A. (eds) Molecular and Cellular Effects of Nutrition on Disease Processes. Developments in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol 26. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5763-0_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5763-0_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7641-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5763-0

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