Abstract
Environmental pollution in Russia is growing at an alarming rate and is becoming an ever more immediate danger. To a great extent Russia has inherited its environmental problems from the former Soviet Union, where they arose due to:
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extensive development of heavy industry and large-scale mining;
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a highly militarized economy;
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use of inefficient technologies and equipment for environmental protection at the final stages of technological processes;
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a system for evaluating economic benefits which did not adequately take into consideration ecological losses; and
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the absence in the country of a well-organized system for ecological education.
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Boronin, A.M. et al. (1997). Environmental Biotechnology Issues in Russia. In: Sayler, G.S., Sanseverino, J., Davis, K.L. (eds) Biotechnology in the Sustainable Environment. Environmental Science Research, vol 54. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5395-3_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5395-3_15
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