Abstract
The chapter deals with design aspects of low-drive current amplifiers. These amplifiers find applications in on-chip environments, where (load) resistances are strictly controlled by the designer. Therefore, they are not required to deliver output currents higher than the quiescent current of the output branches. As we will show, this class of amplifiers has the strongest potential in terms of low-voltage and high speed capability.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
G. C. Temes, W. H. Ki, “Fast CMOS Current Gain Amplifier and Buffer Stage,” Electronics Letters, Vol.23, pp. 696–697, 1987.
Z. Wang, W. Guggenbühl, “Adjustable Bidirectional MOS Current Mirror/Amplifier,” Electronics Letters, Vol.25, No. 10, pp. 673–675, May 1989.
E. A. M. Klumperink, H. J. Janssen, “Complementary CMOS Current Gain Cell,” Electronics Letters, Vol.27, pp. 38–40, 1991.
Z. Wang, “Wideband Class AB (Push-Pull) Current Amplifier in CMOS Technology,” Electronics Letters, Vol.26, No. 3, pp. 543–545, Apr. 1990.
A. Sedra, K. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, CBS College Publishing, 1987.
A. Sedra, K. Smith, “A Second-Generation Current Conveyor and Its Applications”, IEEE Trans. on Circuit Theory, CT-17, pp. 132–133, Feb. 1970.
A. Sedra, G. Roberts, F. Gohh, “The Current Conveyor: History, Progress and New Results,” IEE Proc. Part G, Vol.137, No.2, pp.78–87, Apr. 1990.
P. Aronhime, “Transfer-Function Synthesis Using a Current Conveyor,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, pp.312–313, Mar. 1974.
A. Fabre, M. Alami, “Insensitive Current-Mode Bandpass Implementations-Based Nonideal Gyrators,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems — part. I, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 152–155, Feb. 1992.
G. Roberts, A. Sedra, “A General Class of Current Amplifier-Based Biquadratic Filter Circuits,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems —part. I, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 257–263, Apr. 1992.
C. Chang, “Universal Active Current Filter with Single Input and Three Outputs Using CCIIs,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 29, No. 22, pp. 1932–1933, Oct. 1993.
A. Fabre, F. Dayoub, L. Duruisseau, M. Kamoun, “High Input Impedance Insensitive Second-Order Filters Implemented from Current Conveyors,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems — part I, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 918–921, Dec. 1994.
R. Nandi, “Insensitive Current Mode Realization of Third-Order Butterworth Characteristics Using Current Conveyors,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems — part I, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 925–927, Dec. 1994.
P. Mohan, “New Current-Mode Biquad on Friend-Deliyannis Active RC Biquad,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems — part II, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 225–228, Mar. 1995.
A. Fabre, M. Alami, “Universal Current Mode Biquad Implemented from Two Second Generation Current Conveyors,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems-part I, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 383–385, July 1995.
S. Liu, J. Chen, Y. Hwang, “New Current Mode Biquad Filters using Current Followers,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems — part I, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 380–383, July 1995.
A. Fabre, H. Amrani, O. Saaid, “Current-Mode Band-Pass Filters with Q-Magnification,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems — part II, Vol. 43, No. 12, pp. 839–842, Dec. 1996.
M. Abuelma’atti, A. Al-Ghumaiz, “Novel CCI-Based Single-Element-Controlled Oscillators Employing Grounded Resistors and Capacitors,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems — part I, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 153–155, Feb. 1996.
H. Elwan, A. Soliman, “A Novel CMOS Current Conveyor Realization with an Electronically Tunable Current Mode Filter Suitable for VLSI,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems — part II, Vol. 43, No. 9, pp. 663–670, Sept. 1996.
A. Soliman, “Generation of Current Conveyor-Based All-Pass Filters from Op Amp-Based Circuits,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems — part II, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 324–330, Apr. 1997.
K. Smith, A. Sedra, “Realisation of the Chua Family of New Nonlinear Network Elements Using the Current Conveyor,” IEEE Trans. on Circ. Theory, pp. 137–139, Feb. 1970.
S. Liu, D. Wu, H. Tsao, J. Wu, J. Tsay, “Nonlinear Circuit Applications with Current Conveyors,” IEE Proc. Part G. Vol.140, No.1, pp.1–6, Feb. 1993.
G. Di Cataldo, G. Palumbo, S. Pennisi, “A Schmitt Trigger by Means Of a CCII+,” Int. J. of Circuit Theory and Applications, Vol. 23, No.2, pp. 161–165, Mar. 1995.
E. Bruun, “Analysis of the Noise Characteristics of CMOS Current Conveyors,” Int. J. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, No. 12, pp. 71–78, 1997
W. Surakampontorn, V. Riewruja, K. Kumwachara, K. Dejhan, “Accurate CMOS-based Current Conveyors,” IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol.40, No.4, pp.699–702, Aug. 1991.
G. Palmisano, G Palumbo “A Simple CMOS CCII+,” Int. J. of Circ. Theory and Applications, Vol. 23, no.6, pp. 599–603, Nov. 1995.
Th. Laopoulos, S. Siskos, M. Bafleur, Gh. Givelin, “CMOS Current Conveyor,” Electronics Letters, Vol.28, No.24, pp.2261–2262, Nov. 1992.
G. Palmisano, G. Palumbo, S. Pennisi, “Design Strategies for Class A CMOS CCIIs”, in print on Int. J. of Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal processing.
P. Crawley, G. Roberts, “High-Swing MOS Current Mirror with Arbitrarily High Output Resistance,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 361–363, Feb. 1992.
A. F. Arbel and L. Golminz, “Output Stage for Current-Mode Feedback Amplifiers, Theory and Applications,” Int. J. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, Vol. 2,3, pp. 243–255, 1992.
E. Bruun, “A High-Speed CMOS Current Opamp for Very Low Supply Voltage Operation,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS’94, London, 1994.
E. Bruun, “Bandwidth Optimization of a Low Power, High Speed CMOS Current Op Amp,” Int. J. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, No.7, pp. 11–19, 1995
E. Abou-Allam, E. El-Masry, “A 200 MHz Steered Current Operational Amplifier in 1.2–mm CMOS Technology,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.32, No.2, pp. 245–249, Feb. 1997.
T. Kaulberg, “A CMOS Current-Mode Operational Amplifier,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.28, No.7, pp.849–852, July 1993.
Z. Wang, W. Guggenbthl, “Novel CMOS Current Schmitt Trigger,” Electronics Letters, Vol.24, No.24, pp. 1514–1516, November 1988.
Z. Wang, W. Guggenbthl, “CMOS Current Schmitt Trigger with Fully Adjustable Hysteresis,” Electronics Letters, Vol.25, No.6, pp.397–398, March 1989.
G. Di Cataldo, G. Palumbo “New CMOS Current Schmitt Trigger,” Proc. IEEEISCAS’92, May 1992.
G. Di Cataldo, G. Palmisano, G. Palumbo “Low Area Accurate CMOS Current Schmitt Trigger,” Proc. ECCTD’93, Sept. 1993.
P. Crolla, “A Fast Latching Current Comparator for 12–Bit A/D Applications,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-17, No.6, pp.1088–1093, Dec. 1982.
J. Robert, P. Deval, G. Wegmann, “Novel CMOS Pipelined A/D Convenor Architecture Using Current Mirrors,” Electronics Letters, Vol.25, No. 11, pp.691–692, May 1989.
D. Nairn, C. Salama, “Current-Mode Algorithmic Analog-to-Digital Converters,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.25, No.4, pp.997–1004, Aug. 1990.
Chu P. Chong, “A Technique for Improving the Accuracy and the Speed of CMOS Current-Cell DAC,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, Vol.37, No.10, pp. 1325–1327, Oct. 1990.
D. Nairn, C. Salama “A Ratio-Independent Algorithmic Analog-to-Digital Converter Combining Current Mode and Dynamic Techniques” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, Vol.37, No.10, pp.319–325, March 1990.
Z. Wang, “Design Methodology of CMOS Algorithmic Current A/D Converters in View of Transistor Mismatches,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, Vol.38, No.6, pp.660–667, June 1991.
Seong-Won Kim, Soo-Won Kim, “Current-Mode Cyclic ADC for Low Power and High Speed Applications,” Electronics Letters, Vol.27, No. 10, pp.818–820, May 1991.
C. Wey, “Concurrent Error Detection in Current-Mode A/D Convenors,” Electronics Letters, Vol.27, No.25, pp.2370–2372, Dec. 1991.
W. Krenik, R. Hester, R. DeGroat, “Current-Mode Flash A/D Conversion Based on Current-Splitting Techniques,” Proc. IEEEISCAS’92, 1992.
A. Cujec, C. Salama, D. Nairn, “An Optimized Bit Cell Design for a Pipelined Current-Mode Algorithmic A/D Converter,” Int. J. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, No.3, pp.137–141, 1993.
C. Wey, S. Krishnan, S. Sahli, “Design of Concurrent Error Detectable Current-Mode A/D Converters for Real-Time Applications,” Int. J. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, No.4, pp.65–74, 1993.
K. Wong, K. Chao, “Current -Mode Cyclic A/D Conversion Technique,” Electronics Letters, Vol.29, N.3, pp.249–250, Feb. 1993.
K. Fong, C. Salama, “Low-Power Current-Mode Algorithmic ADC,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS’94, May 1994.
A. Cable, R. Harjani, “A 6-Bit 50MHz Current-Subtracting Two Step Flash Converter,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS’94, May 1994.
L. Zhang, T. Sculley, T. Fiez, “A 12 Bit, 2V Current-Mode Pipelined A/D Converter Using a Digital CMOS Process,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS’94, May 1994.
M. Yamamoto, A. Kobayashi, Y. Horio, “Switched Current F/I and I/F Converters,” Proc. ECCTD-91, Sept. 1991.
K. Current, J. Current, “CMOS Current-Mode Circuits for Neural Network,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS’90, 1990.
K. Current, “Algorithmic Analogue-to-Quaternary Convertor Circuit Using Current-Mode CMOS,” Electronics Letters, Vol.28, No. 12, pp.1111–1112, June 1992.
H. Gustat, “Fast CMOS Multilevel Current Comparator,” Electronics Letters, Vol.29, No.7, pp.592–593, Apr. 1993.
K. Current, “Current-Mode CMOS Multiple-Valued Logic Circuits,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.29, No.2, pp.95–107, Feb. 1994.
D. Freitas, K. Current, “CMOS Current Comparator Circuit,” Electronics Letters, Vol.19, No. 17, pp.695–697, Aug. 1983.
G. Palmisano, G. Palumbo, S. Pennisi, “A High-Accuracy, High-Speed CMOS Current Comparator,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS’94, May 1994.
J. Carreira, J. Franca, “High-Speed CMOS Current Comparators,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS’94, May 1994.
G. Palmisano, G. Palumbo, “Offset-Compensated Low Power Current Comparators”, Electronics Letters, Vol.30, No.20, pp. 1637–1639, Sept. 1994.
C. Wu, C. Chen, M. Tsai, C. Cho, “A 0.5mA Offset-Free Current Comparator for High Precision Current-Mode Signal Processing,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS’91, 1991.
J. Shieh, M. Patil, B. Sheu, “Measurement and Analysis of Charge Injection in MOS Analog Switches,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-22, No.2, pp.277–281, Apr. 1987.
G. Wegmann, E. Vittoz, F. Rahali, “Charge Injection in Analog MOS Switches,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-22, No.6, pp. 1091–11097, Dec. 1987.
F. Maloberti, G. Palmisano, G. Torelli, “A Novel Approach for High-Frequency Gain-Compensated Sample-and-Hold Circuits,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS’94, May 1991.
G. Di Cataldo, G. Palmisano, G. Palumbo, S. Pennisi, “An Accurate Offset-Compensated Current Comparator,” Proc. IEEE MIDWEST’94, 1994.
G. Palmisano, G. Palumbo, “High Performance CMOS Current Comparator Design,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 12, No. 12, pp.785–790, Dec. 1996.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Palmisano, G., Palumbo, G., Pennisi, S. (1999). Low-Drive Current Amplifiers. In: CMOS Current Amplifiers. The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol 499. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5135-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5135-5_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7337-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5135-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive