Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Monitoring Nitrogen and Indicators of Nitrogen Loading to Support Management Action in Buzzards Bay

  • Chapter
Ecological Indicators

Abstract

The addition of nitrogen from anthropogenic sources is contributing to water quality degradation and habitat loss in near-coastal waters throughout the world, and in many areas, nitrogen loading is one of the most significant long-term threats that must be managed (Nixon and Pilson, 1983; Lee and Olsen, 1985; Rosenberg, 1985; Nixon, 1986; Nixon et al., 1986). The Buzzards Bay Project, a participant in the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) National Estuarine Program, has developed a Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (EPA and EOEA, 1991) to protect and restore water quality and living resources in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA (Fig. 29.1). A major focus of the project, and a significant threat to Buzzards Bay, is the addition of excessive amounts of nitrogen from human activities. Consequently, a nitrogen management strategy was developed whose long-term goals are to prevent adverse changes of coastal ecosystems or loss of beneficial water uses, as well as to restore areas already adversely affected by excessive contributions of nitrogen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andrews, M. J. and D. G. Rickard. (1980). Rehabilitation of the inner Thames estuary. Mar. Poll. Bull., 11, 327–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benkema, J. J. and G. C. Cadee. (1986). Zoobenthos responses to eutrophication of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Ophelia, 26, 55–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennekom, A. J., van and F. J. Wetsteyn. (1990). The winter distribution of nutrients in the Southern Bight of the North Sea, 1961–1978 and estuaries of the Scheldt and Rhine/ Meuse. Nether. J. Sea Res., 25, 75–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bettrami, E. (1989). A mathematical model of the brown tide. Estuaries, 12, 13–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birch, P. B. and J. O. Gabrielson. (1984). Cladophora growth in the Peel-Harvey estuarine system following blooms of the cyanobacteria Nodularia spumizena. Bot. Mar., 27, 17–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birch, P. B., J. O. Gabrielson and K. S. Hamel. (1983). Decomposition of Cladophora: I. Field studies in the Peel-Harvey estuarine system, Western Australia. Bot. Mar., 26, 105–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borum, J. (1985). Development of epiphytic communities on eelgrass (Zostera marina) along a nutrient gradient in a Danish estuary. Mar. Biol., 87, 211–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boynton, W. R., W. M. Kemp and C. W. Keefe. (1982). A comparative analysis of nutrients and other factors influencing estuarine phytoplankton production. In Estuarine Comparisons, ed. V. S. Kennedy, 69–90. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush, G. S. (1984). Stratigraphic evidence of eutrophication in an estuary. Water Res., 20, 531–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brush, G. S. and F. W. Davis. (1984). Strategic evidence of human disturbance in an estuary. Quatern. Res., 22, 91–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bulthuis, D. A. and W. J. Woerkerling. (1983). Biomass accumulation and shading effects of epiphytes on leaves of the seagrass, Heterozostera tasmanica, in Victoria, Australia. Aquat. Bot., 16, 137–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cadee, G. C. (1986). Increased phytoplankton primary production in the Marsdiep area (Dutch Wadden Sea). Neth. J. Sea Res., 20, 285–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cambridge, M. L. (1979). Seagrass Studies. In Cockburn Sound Environmental Study, Department of Conservation and Environment, Australia Report no. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cederwall, H. and R. Elmgren. (1980). Biomass increase of benthic macrofauna demonstrates eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. Ophelia Suppl., 1, 287–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cosper, E. M., W. C. Dennison, E. J. Carpenter, V. M. Bricel, J. G. Mitad, S. H. Kuenstner, D. A. Cotflesh and M. Dewey. (1987). Recurrent and persistent brown tide blooms perturb coastal marine ecosystems. Estuaries, 10, 284–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa, J. E. (1988a). Distribution, production, and historical changes in abundance of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in Southeastern MA. PhD. Thesis, Boston University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa, J. E. (19886). Eelgrass in Buzzards Bay: Distribution, Production, and Historical Changes in Abundance, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technical Report, EPA 503/4-88-002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa, J. E., B. L. Howes, D. Aubrey, A. Giblin, M. Frimpter, D. Janik, N. MacGaffey and I. Valiela. (1992). Managing nitrogen inputs to sensitive embayments: Technical basis for a management strategy. Buzzards Bay Project Technical Report Series, Draft report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, R. E. and C. G. Carey. (1985). Retention of winter flounder larvae within a Rhode Island salt pond. Estuaries, 8(2B), 217–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, F. W. (1985). Historical changes in submerged macrophyte communities of upper Chesapeake Bay. Ecology, 66, 981–993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deboer, J. A., H. J. Guigli, T. L. Israel and C. F. D’Elia. (1978). Nutrition studies of two red algae I. Growth rate as a function of nitrogen source and concentration. J. Phvcol., 14, 261–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deegan, L. A., S. Saucerman and D. Basler. (1990). Changes in the Waquoit fish community over a twenty year period (abstract). New England salt pond data book, ed. A. E. Giblin, 57–58. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report CRC-90-2.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Elia, C. F., J. G. Sanders and W. R. Boynton. (1986). Nutrient enrichment studies in a coastal plain estuary: Phytoplankton growth in large-scale, continuous cultures. Canad. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 43, 397–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Elia, C. F., R. E. Magnien, C. F. Zimmerman, P. A. Vaas, N. L. Kaumeyer, C. W. Keefe, D. V. Shaw and K. V. Wood. (1987). Nitrogen and phosphorus determinations in estuarine waters: A comparison of methods used in Chesapeake Bay monitoring. Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office, UMCEES 97-19 CBL.

    Google Scholar 

  • den Hartog, C. (1987). “Wasting disease” and other dynamic phenomena in Zostera beds. Aquat. Bot., 27, 3–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dennison, W. C. (1987). Effects of light on seagrass photosynthesis, growth and depth distribution. Aquat. Bot., 27, 15–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dennison, W. C. and R. S. Alberte. (1985). Role of daily light period in depth distribution of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 25, 51–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DEP (Department of Environmental Protection Division of Water Pollution Control).(1989a). Water quality survey data, 1985. Buzzards Bay Project Technical Report, BBP-89-14.

    Google Scholar 

  • DEP (Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Pollution Control). (1989b). Water quality survey data 1986. Buzzards Bay Project Technical Report, BBP-89-16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckman, J. (1987). The role of hydrodynamics in recurrent growth and survival of Argopectin irradians (L.) and Anomia simplex (d’Orbigny) within eelgrass meadows. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 106, 165–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EPA and EOEA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs). (1989). Buzzards Bay Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan, Volume I. Final 8/91. 254 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairchild, G. W., R. L. Lowe and W. B. Richardson. (1985). Algal periphyton growth on nutrient-diffusing substrates: An in situ bioassay. Ecology, 66, 465–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, B., S. A. Macko and J. C. Zieman. (1987). Review of stable isotopic investigations of food webs in seagrass meadows. In M. J. Durako, R. C. Phillips and R. R. Lewis III (eds.), Proc. symposium on subtropical-tropical seagrasses of the southeastern United States. Florida Mar. Res. Publ., 42, 189–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujita, R. (1985). The role of nitrogen supply and variability in regulating nitrogen uptake by macroalgae and in structuring a macroalgal community. PhD. Thesis, Boston University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrad, P. N. and R. D. Hey. (1987). Boat traffic, sediment resuspension and turbidity in a broadland river. J. Hydrol., 95, 289–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giblin, A. E. and A. G. Gaines. (1990). Nitrogen inputs to a marine embayment: the importance of groundwater. Biogeochemistry, 10, 309–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, G. P. (1988). Ground truth verification of a REMOTS survey of Buzzards Bay. Buzzards Bay Project Draft Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haramis, G. M. and V. Carter. (1983). Distribution of submersed aquatic macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River. Aquat. Bot., 15, 65–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harlin, M. M. and B. Thorne-Miller. (1981). Nutrient enrichment of seagrass beds in a Rhode Island coastal lagoon. Mar. Biol., 65, 221–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harlin, M. M., B. Thorne-Miller and G. B. Thursby. (1978). Ammonium uptake by Gracilaria sp. (Rhodophyceae) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae) in closed system fish culture. Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp., 9, 285–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heufelder, G. R. (1988). Bacteriological monitoring in Buttermilk Bay. United States Environmental Protection Agency Technical Report, EPA 503/4-88-01.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickman, M. and F. E. Round. (1970). Primary production and standing crops of eppisammic and epipelic algae. Br. Phycol. J., 5, 247–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horsley Witten Hegemann, Inc. (1991). Quantification and control of nitrogen inputs to Buttermilk Bay. Volume 1. Buzzards Bay Project Technical Report, January 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, A. B. and D. E. Pierce. (1976). Winter flounder estuarine year class abundance, mortality, and recruitment. Trans. Amer. Fish Society, 105, 647–657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howes, B. L. and C. D. Taylor. (1989). Nutrient regime of New Bedford Outer Harbor: Infaunal community structure and the significance of sediment nutrient regeneration to water column nutrient loading. Final Report, New Bedford Sewage Treatment Facilities Plan. Volume IV, Appendix R.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaworski, N. A. (1981). Sources of nutrients and the scale of eutrophication problems in estuaries. In Estuaries and nutrients, ed. B. J. Neilson and L. E. Cronin, 83–110. Clifton, NJ, Humana Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, J. O. R. and R. R. Lewis. (in press). Recent improvements of water quality and biological indicators in Hillsborough Bay, a highly impacted subdivision of Tampa Bay, Florida, U.S.A. Proc. International Conference on marine coastal eutrophication, Bologna, Italy, 21–24 March, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolly, G. M. (1965). Explicit estimates from capture-recapture data with both death and immigration-stochastic model. Biometrika, 52, 245–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, S., K. Mountford, C. Stenger, R. Batiuk, M. Olson, D. Forsel and L. Platt. (1990). Chesapeake Bay dissolved oxygen restoration goals. October 1990 Draft report, Chesapeake Bay Program, CBP/TRS 53/90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kautsky, N., H. Kautsky, U. Kautsky and M. Waern. (1986). Decreased depth penetration of Fucus vesiculosus (L.) since the 1940’s indicates eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 28, 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. T., D. J. Hersh and I. Valiela. (1990). Nitrogen pollution in Buzzards Bay. Buzzards Bay Project Draft Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, W. M., W. R. Boynton, R. R. Twilley, J. C. Stevenson and J. C. Means. (1983). The decline of submerged vascular plants in Upper Chesapeake Bay: Summary of results concerning possible causes. Mar. Tech. Soc. J., 17, 78–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kindig, A. C. and M. M. Littler. (1980). Growth and primary production of marine macrophytes exposed to domestic sewage effluent. Mar. Environ. Res., 3, 81–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lanne, R. W. P. M., J. van Der Meer, A. De Vries and A. van Der Gressen. (1990). Monitoring the progress of attempts to reduce nutrient load and input of certain compounds in the North Sea by 50%. Environ. Manag., 14, 221–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapointe, B. E. and J. O’Connel. (1989). Nutrient-enhanced growth of Cladophora prolifera in Harrington Sound, Bermuda: Eutrophication of a confined, phosphorus-limited marine ecosystem. Estuar. Coast. Res. Shelf Sci., 28, 347–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapointe, B. E. and K. R. Tenore. (1981). Experimental outdoor studies with Ulva fasciata Delile. I. Interaction of light and nitrogen on nutrient uptake, growth, and biochemical composition. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 53, 135–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, V. and S. Olsen. (1985). Eutrophication and management initiatives for the control of nutrient inputs to Rhode Island coastal lagoons. Estuaries, 8, 191–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnien, R. E., K. G. Sellner and P. A. Vaas. (1988). Nutrient control of phytoplankton production in the Chesapeake Bay mainstream and tributaries. EOS Trans. A.G.U., 69, 1097.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, M. D. (1980). Periphytic community response to chronic nutrient enrichment by a reservoir discharge. Ecology, 61, 387–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monbet, Y., F. Manaud, P. Gentien, M. Pommepuy, G. P. Aallen, J. C. Salomon and J. L’Yavanc. (1981). The use of nutrients, salinity, and water circulation data as a tool for coastal planning. In Estuaries and nutrients, ed. B. J. Neilson and L. E. Cronin. 343–372. Clifton, NJ, Humana Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, B. (1976). The effects of fertilization and fish on community structure and biomass of aquatic macrophytes and epiphytic algal populations: an ecosystem experiment. J. Ecol., 64, 313–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulligan, H. F., A. Baranowski and R. Johnson. (1976). Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization of aquatic vascular plants and algae in replicate ponds. I. Initial response to fertilization. Hydrobiologia, 48, 109–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NRC (National Research Council). (1990). Managing troubled waters. The role of marine environmental monitoring. Washington, DC, National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nienhuis, P. H. (1983). Temporal and spatial patterns of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in a former estuary in the Netherlands, dominated by human activities. Mar. Tech. Soc. J., 17, 69–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, S. W. (1986). Nutrient dynamics and the productivity of marine coastal waters. Marine environment and pollution, ed. R. Halwagy, D. Clayton and M. Behbehani, 97–115. Oxford, The Alden Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, S. and M. Pilson. (1983) Nitrogen in estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems. In Nitrogen in the marine environment, ed. E. J. Carpenter and D. G. Capone, 565–648. NY, Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, S. W., C. A. Oviatt, J. Frithsen and B. Sullivan. (1986). Nutrients and the productivity of estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems. J. Limnol. Soc. South Afr., 12, 43–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowicki, B. L. and S. Nixon. (1985). Benthic nutrient remineralization in a coastal lagoon ecosystem. Estuaries, 8, 182–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Officer, C. B., R. B. Biggs, J. L. Taft, L. E. Cronin, M. A. Tyler and W. R. Boynton. (1984). Chesapeake Bay anoxia: Origin, development, and significance. Science, 223, 22–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orth, R. J. and K. A. Moore. (1983a). Chesapeake Bay: An unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science, 222, 51–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orth, R. J. and K. A. Moore. (1983b). Submerged vascular plants: Techniques for analyzing their distribution and abundance. Mar. Tech. Soc. J., 17, 38–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. R., Y. Maita and C. M. Lalli. (1984). A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis. Oxford, Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, T. H. and R. Rosenberg. (1978). Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 16, 229–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, G. L., D. Eminson and B. Moss. (1978). A mechanism to account for macrophyte decline in progressively eutrophicated freshwaters. Aquat. Bot., 4, 103–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, J. W., D. L. Correll, B. Goldberg, M. A. Faust and W. H. Klein. (1986). Response of underwater light transmittance in the Rhode River Estuary to changes in water-quality parameters. Estuaries, 9, 169–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, A. (1967). Growth and toxicity of a marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 24, 1584–1606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, E. (1977). The wasting disease of eelgrass (Zostera marina) and its effects on environmental factors and fauna. In Seagrass ecosystems, ed. C. P. McRoy and C. Helfferich, 1–52. New York, Marceli Dekker.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reise, K. (1984). Indirect effects of sewage on a sandy flat in the Wadden Sea. Neth. Inst. Res. Publ. Sev., 10, 159–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, R. (1985). Eutrophication—the future marine costal nuisance. Mar. Poll. Bull., 16, 227–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, G. and J. Ramus. (1982). Ecological growth strategies in the seaweeds Gracilaria folifera (Rhodophyceae) and Ulva sp. (Chlorophyceae): soluble nitrogen and carbohydrate reserve. Mar. Biol., 66, 251–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryther, J. H. and W. M. Dunstan. (1971). Nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment. Science, 171, 1008–1031.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SAIC. (1991). Characterization of pollution sources in Buzzards Bay. Buzzards Bay Project Technical Series, Final Draft, May 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, H. G. (1958). Benthic studies in Buzzards Bay. I. Animal sediment relationships. Limnol. Oceanogr., 5, 138–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, H. L. (1960). Benthic studies in Buzzards Bay III. The structure of the soft-bottom community. Limnol. Oceanogr., 5, 138–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, J. G., S. V. Cibik, C. F. D’Elia and W. R. Boynton. (1987). Nutrient enrichment studies in a coastal plain estuary: changes in phytoplankton species composition. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 44, 83–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sand-Jensen, K. (1977). Effect of epiphytes on eelgrass photosynthesis. Aquat. Bot., 3, 55–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sand-Jensen, K. and J. Borum. (1983). Regulation of growth in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) communities in Danish coastal waters. Mar. Tech. Soc. J., 17, 15–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sand-Jensen, K. and M. Søndergaard. (1981). Phytoplankton and epiphyte development and their shading effect on submerged macrophytes in lakes of different nutrient status. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol., 66, 529–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seber, G. A. F. (1965). A note on the multiple-recapture census. Biometrika, 52, 249–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selinger, H. H., J. A. Boggs and W. H. Biggley. (1985). Catastrophic anoxia in the Chesapeake Bay in 1984. Science, 228, 70–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Short, F. T., A. C. Mathieson and J. I. Nelson. (1986). Recurrence of the eelgrass wasting disease at the border of New Hampshire and Maine, U.S.A. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 29, 89–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, Y., T. Sogimura and T. Itoh. (1985). A catalytic oxidation method for the determination of Total N dissolved in seawater. Mar. Chem., 16, 83–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, G. W. and H. Stuart. (1974). The bay scallop makes its bed of seagrass. Mar. Fish. Rev., 37, 27–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, G. W., W. J. Kenworthy and M. S. Fonseca. (1984). The ecology of eelgrass meadows of the Atlantic Coast: A community profile. U.S. Dept. Int. FWS/OBS-84/02.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorne-Miller, B., M. M. Harlin, G. B. Thursby, M. M. Brady-Campbell and B. A. Dworetzky. (1983). Variations in the distribution and biomass of submerged macrophytes in five coastal lagoons in Rhode Island, U.S.A. Bot. Mar., 26, 231–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J. T., D. G. Borkman, W. Lima and R. W. Pierce. (1989). A seasonal study of plankton, larval fish, and water quality in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. Interim Data Report. Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control Research and Demonstration Project 87-15. May. 248 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twilley, R. R., W. M. Kemp, K. W. Staver, J. C. Stevenson and W. R. Boynton. (1985). Nutrient enrichment of estuarine submersed vascular plant communities. 1. Algal growth and effects on production of plants and associated communities. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 23, 179–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valiela, I. (1984). Marine ecological processes. New York, Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Valiela, I. and J. Costa. (1988). Eutrophication of Buttermilk Bay, a Cape Cod coastal embayment: Concentrations of nutrients and watershed nutrient budgets. Environ. Manag., 12, 539–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valiela, I., J. Costa, K. Foreman, J. M. Teal, B. Howes and D. Aubrey. (1990). Transport of groundwater-borne nutrients from watersheds and their effects on coastal waters. Biogeochemistry, 10, 177–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valiela, I., M. Alber and M. LaMontagne. (1991). Fecal coliform loadings and stocks in Buttermilk Bay, Massachusetts and management implications. Environ. Manag., 15, 659–674.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yocum, W. L. and F. L. Teran. (1980). Sled for sampling benthic fish larvae. Prog. Fish Cult., 42, 118–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann, C. F. and J. R. Montgomery. (1984). Effects of a decomposing drift algal mat on sediment pore water nutrient concentrations in a Florida seagrass bed. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 19, 299–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Buzzards Bay Project, Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management, 2 Spring St., Marion, MA, USA

    J. E. Costa

  2. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA

    B. L. Howes

  3. The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA

    A. E. Giblin

  4. Boston University Marine Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA

    I. Valiela

Authors
  1. J. E. Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. L. Howes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. E. Giblin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. I. Valiela
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

    Daniel H. McKenzie

  2. Research Triangle Park, US Environmental Protection Agency, North Carolina, USA

    D. Eric Hyatt

  3. Research Triangle Park, Radian Corporation, North Carolina, USA

    V. Janet McDonald

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Costa, J.E., Howes, B.L., Giblin, A.E., Valiela, I. (1992). Monitoring Nitrogen and Indicators of Nitrogen Loading to Support Management Action in Buzzards Bay. In: McKenzie, D.H., Hyatt, D.E., McDonald, V.J. (eds) Ecological Indicators. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4659-7_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4659-7_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7108-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4659-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation