Abstract
Interest in functional behavioral assessment (FBA) procedures may be traced to several factors. First, a long-established and evolving research base has demonstrated that FBA procedures can play an important role in preventing and remedying problem behaviors, particularly in people with disabilities (Ervin, Ehrhardt, & Poling, 2001). Second, psychologists and educators have often sought to enhance service delivery by linking assessment procedures to interventions, thereby unifying these primary service activities (Batsche & Knoff, 1995; Gresham & Lambros, 1998). Third, recent statutory changes in how students with disabilities are served have enhanced interest in functional behavioral assessment across psychoeducational professionals (Nelson, Roberts, Rutherford, Mathur, & Aaroe, 1999; Telzrow, 1999; Yell & Shriner, 1997).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akande, A. (1994). The motivation assessment profiles of low-functioning children. Early Child Development and Care, 101, 101–107.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Batsche, G. M., & Knoff, H. M. (1995). Linking assessment to intervention. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology–III (pp. 569–586). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
Bergan, J. R. (1977). Behavioral consultation. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
Bergan, J. R., & Kratochwill, T. R. (1990). Behavioral consultation in applied settings. New York: Plenum.
Carr, E. G. (1977). The motivation of self-injurious behavior: A review of some hypotheses. Psychological Bulletin, 84,800–816.
Carr, E. G. (1993). Behavior analysis is not ultimately about behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 16,47–49.
Carr, E. G., & Newsom, C. (1985). Demand-related tantrums. Behavior Modification, 9,403–426.
Can, E. G., Newsom, C. D., & Binkoff, J. A. (1980). Escape as a factor in the aggressive behavior of two retarded children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 101–117.
Cone, J. D. (1997). Invited essay: Issues in functional analysis in behavioral assessment.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 259–275.
Conroy, M., Fox, J., & Crain, L., Jenkins, A., & Belcher, K. (1996). Evaluating the social and ecological validity of analog assessment procedures for challenging behaviors in young children. Education and Treatment of Children, 19, 233–256.
Cooper, L. J., Wacker, D. P., Thursby, D., Plagmann, L. A., Harding, J., Millard, T., & Derby, M. (1992). Analysis of the effects of task preferences, task demands, and adult attention on child behavior in outpatient and classroom settings. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25,823–840.
Crawford, J., Brockel, B., Schauss, S., & Miltenberger, R. G. (1992). A comparison of methods for the functional assessment of stereotypic behavior.Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 17,77–86.
Derby, K. M., Wacker, D. P., Peck, S., Sasso, G., DeRaad, A., Berg, W., Asmus, J., & Ulrich, S. (1994). Functional analysis of separate topographies of aberrant behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 267–278.
Derby, M., Wacker, D., Sasso, G., Steege, M., Northup, J., Cigrand, K., & Asmus, J. (1992). Brief functional assessment techniques to evaluate aberrant behavior in an outpatient setting: A summary of 79 cases. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25,713–721.
Dunlap, G., Foster-Johnson, L., Clarke, S., Kern, L., & Childs, K. E. (1995). Modifying activities to produce functional outcomes: Effects on the problem behaviors of students with disabilities. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 20, 248–258.
Dunlap, G., & Kern, L. (1996). Modifying instructional activities to promote desirable behavior: A conceptual and practical framework. School Psychology Quarterly, 11, 297–312.
DuPaul, G. J., Power, T. J., Anastopoulos, A. D., & Reid, R. (1998). ADHD Rating Scale-IV: Checklists, norms, and clinical interpretation. New York: Guilford Press.
Durand, V. M., & Crimmins, D. B. (1987). Assessment and treatment of psychotic speech inan autistic child. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, 17–28.
Durand, V. M., & Crimmins, D. B. (1988a). Identifying variables maintaining self-injurious behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 18, 99–117.
Durand, V. M., & Crimmins, D. B. (1988b). Motivational Assessment Scale. In M. Hersen & A. Bellack (Eds.), Dictionary of behavioral assessment techniques (pp. 309–310). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
Ervin, R. A., Ehrhardt, K. E., & Poling, A. (2001). Functional assessment: Old wine in new bottles. School Psychology Review, 30, 173–179.
Ervin, R. A., Radford, P. M., Bertsch, K., Piper, A. L., Ehrhardt, K. E., & Poling, A. (2001). A descriptive analysis and critique of the empirical literature on school-based functional assessment. School Psychology Review, 30, 193–210.
Gresham, F. M., & Elliott, S. N. (1990). Social skills rating system. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance.
Gresham, F. M., & Lambros, K. M. (1998). Behavioral and functional assessment. In T. S. Watson & F. M. Gresham (Eds.), Handbook of child behavior therapy (pp. 3–22). New York: Plenum Press.
Hartmann, D. P., Roper, B. L., & Bradford, C. C. (1979). Some relationships between behavioral and traditional assessment. Journal of Behavioral Assessment,1, 3–21.
Iwata, B., Dorsey, M., Slifer, K., Bauman, K., & Richman, G. (1982/1994). Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 197–209. (Reprinted from Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 2, 3–20, 1982.)
Kazdin, A. E. (2001). Behavior modification in applied settings (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Lalli, J. S., Browder, D. M., Mace, F. C., & Brown, K. (1993). Teacher use of descriptive analysis data to implement interventions to decrease students’ maladaptive behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10,141–150.
Lewis, T. J., Scott, T. M., & Sugai, G. (1994). The problem behavior questionnaire: A teacher based instrument to develop functional hypotheses of problem behavior in general education settings. Diagnostique, 19(2–3),103–115.
Malone, J. C. (1990). Theories of learning: A historical approach. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
McComas, J. J., Hoch, H., & Mace, F. C. (2000). Functional analysis. In E. S. Shapiro & T. R. Kratochwill (Eds.), Conducting school-based assessment of child and adolescent behavior (pp. 78–101). New York: Guilford Press.
Merrell, K. W. (2000). Informant reports: Theory and research in using child behavior rating scales in school settings. In E. S. Shapiro & T. R. Kratochwill (Eds.), Behavioral assessment in schools: Theory research and practice (2nd ed., pp. 233–256). New York: Guilford Press.
Naglieri, J. A., LeBuffe, P. A., & Pfeiffer, S. I. (1993). Devereux Behavior Rating Scales-School Form. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Neef, N. A., Mace, F. C., & Shade, D. (1993). Impulsivity in students with serious emotional disturbance: The interactive effects of reinforcer rate, delay, and quality. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23,37–52.
Neef, N. A., Shade, D., & Miller, M. S. (1994). Assessing the influential dimensions of rein-forcers on choice in students with serious emotional disturbance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 389–408.
Nelson, R. O., & Hayes, S. C. (1979). Some current dimensions of behavioral assessment. Behavioral Assessment, 1,1–16.
Nelson, J. R., Roberts, M. L., & Rutherford, R. B., Mathur, S. R., & Aaroe, L. A. (1999). A statewide survey of special education administrators and school psychologists regarding functional behavioral assessment. Education and Treatment of Children, 22,267–279.
Noell, G. H., Witt, J. C., Gilbertson, D. N., Ranier, D. D., & Freeland, J. T. (1997). Increasing teacher intervention implementation in general education settings through consultation and performance feedback. School Psychology Quarterly, 12, 77–88.
Northup, J., Wacker, D., Sasso, G., Steege, M., Cigrand, K., Cook, J., & DeRaad, A. (1991). A brief functional analysis of aggressive and alternative behavior in an outclinic setting. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 509–522.
Powell, J., Martindale, B., Kulp, S., Martindale, A., & Bauman, R. (1977). Taking a closer look: Time sampling and measurement error. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 325–332.
Ray, K. P., & Watson, T. S. (in press). Analysis of temporally distant events on school behavior. School Psychology Quarterly.
Saudargus, R. A. (1992). State-Event Classroom Observation System (SECOS). Knoxville: University of Tennessee, Department of Psychology.
Shapiro, E. S., & Kratochwill, T. R. (2000). Introduction: Conducting a multidimensional behavioral assessment. In E. S. Shapiro & T. R. Kratochwill (Eds.), Conducting school-based assessments of child and adolescent behavior (pp. 1–20). New York: Guilford Press.
Sheridan, S. M., Kratochwill, T. R., & Bergan, J. R. (1996). Conjoint behavioral consultation: A procedural manual. New York: Plenum Press.
Shriver, M. D., Anderson, C. M., & Proctor, B. (2001). Evaluating the validity of functional behavioral assessment. School Psychology Review, 30,180–192.
Sigafoos, J., Kerr, M., & Roberts, D. (1994). Inter-rater reliability analysis of the MAS: Failure to replicate with aggressive behavior. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 15,333–342.
Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism New York: Knopf.
Skinner, C. H., Dittmer, K. I., & Howell, L. A. (2000). Direct observation in school settings: Theoretical issues. In E. S. Shapiro & T. R. Kratochwill (Eds.), Behavioral assessment in schools: Theory research and practice (2nd ed., pp. 19–45). New York: Guilford Press.
Skinner, C. H., Freeland, J., & Shapiro, E. S. (in press). Applying behavioral assessment procedures to the problem solving process. In C. R. Reynolds & R. Kamphaus (Eds.), Handbook of educational and psychological assessment of children: Personality, behavior, and context (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
Skinner, C. H., Rhymer, K. N., & McDaniel, E. C. (2000). Naturalistic direct observation in educational settings. In E. S. Shapiro & T. R. Kratochwill (Eds.), Conducting school-based assessments of child and adolescent behavior (pp. 21–54). New York: Guilford Press.
Sprague, J., Sugai, B., & Walker, H. (1998). Antisocial behavior in schools. In T. S. Watson & F. M. Gresham (Eds.), Handbook of child behavior therapy (pp. 451–474). New York: Plenum Press.
Staddon, J. E. R. (1993). Behaviorism: Mind, mechanism and society. London: Duckworth.
Sterling-Turner, H. E., Watson, T. S., Wildmon, M., Watkins, C., & Little, E. (2001).Investigating the relationship between training type and treatment integrity. School Psychology Quarterly, 16,56–67.
Sturmey, P. (1994). Assessing the functions of aberrant behaviors: A review of psychometric instruments. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 293–304.
Telzrow, C. F. (1999). IDEA amendments of 1997: Promise or pitfall for special education reform? Journal of School Psychology, 37, 7–28.
Thompson, S., & Emerson, E. (1995). Inter-informant agreement on the motivation assess-ment scale: Another failure to replicate. Mental Handicap Research, 8, 203–208.
Townsend, B. J. K. (2000). A functional analysis of the echolalic behavior of three children with autism in a residential school setting. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University, Starkville.
Watson, T. S., & Robinson, S. L. (1996). Direct behavioral consultation: An alternative approach to didactic consultation. School Psychology Quarterly, 11, 267–278.
Yell, M. L., & Shriner, J. G. (1997). The IDEA amendments of 1997: Implications for special and general education teachers, administrators, and teacher trainers. Focus on Exceptional Children, 30, 1–19.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Skinner, C.H., Ervin, R.A. (2003). Functional Behavioral Assessment of Nonverbal Behavior. In: McCallum, R.S. (eds) Handbook of Nonverbal Assessment. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0153-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0153-4_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4945-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0153-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive