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Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae Vaccines

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New Bacterial Vaccines

Part of the book series: Medical Intelligence Unit ((MIUN))

Summary

Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular Gram negative bacteria with a unique biphasic developmental cycle. C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae most frequently cause human infections. C. trachomatis strains of the trachoma biovar (serovar A, B and C) are mucosal pathogens that cause the ocular infection trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness in developing countries. The remaining serovars (D-K) of the trachoma biovar cause genital infections being the leading cause of sexually transmitted bacterial infections in the Western world with sequelae such as tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. There exists no vaccine against human Chlamydia infections. Clinical trials for vaccination against trachoma were initiated more than 3 decades ago. Inactivated whole-cell C. trachomatis EB preparations were used for immunization. Good but short-lived protection was observed. All Chlamydia species have highly homologous major outer membrane proteins (MOMP) that are immunogenic. This molecule has been studied in detail with respect to humoral and cellular immunity. In a mouse model a vaccine consisting of MOMP extracted from purified C. trachomatis gave protection. However, MOMP shows variable immunogenic domains. Therefore, other components are being sought for vaccine development. Genomics, molecular and cellular immunology, and nucleic acid immunizations are among the techniques used to exploit the immune response to develop component vaccines.

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  1. Svend Birkelund
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Birkelund, S., Christiansen, G. (2003). Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae Vaccines. In: New Bacterial Vaccines. Medical Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0053-7_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0053-7_7

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