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Oxidative Stress and Periodontal Disease in Down Syndrome

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Studies on Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by a unique metabolic imbalance induced by overexpression of genes on chromosome 21. The enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) is responsible for the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Increased levels or activity of SOD may contribute to neuronal death and disease progression in DS and precede the signature manifestations of the disease by decades. Individuals with DS have a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, which cannot be explained by poor oral hygiene alone and is related to changes in the immune response. Using electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin trapping, we have obtained clear and direct evidence that ROS are generated in the media of cultured gingival cells from DS patients.

A number of findings in the past decade have prompted interest in the diagnostic use of saliva biomarkers. The salivary levels of oxidative stress biomarkers such as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) have been shown to be significantly higher in DS patients than in control subjects, suggesting that high oxidative stress may lead to some of the clinical features of DS, especially rapidly progressive periodontal disease associated with premature aging. In the future, analysis of biomarkers such as 8-OHdG in saliva samples could be useful for the assessment and management of periodontal disease with oxidative stress in DS patients.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (no. 18592149 to M.L., no. 19592371 to T.K. and M.L., no. 23593049 to T.K., no. 23660047 to M.L.) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Science Dentistry for the Special Patients, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan

    Tomoko Komatsu

  2. Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Health Emergency Research Center & ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan

    Masaichi-Chang-Il Lee

Authors
  1. Tomoko Komatsu
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  2. Masaichi-Chang-Il Lee
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Tomoko Komatsu or Masaichi-Chang-Il Lee .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

    Daisuke Ekuni

  2. Dept of Science and Clinical Specialty Odontostomatology & Biochemistry, Polytechnical University of Marche Faculty of Medicine, Ancona, Italy

    Maurizio Battino

  3. Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama Univ Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

    Takaaki Tomofuji

  4. Dept of Oral Biological & Medical Scienc Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, University of British Columbia Faculty of Dentistry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Edward E. Putnins

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Komatsu, T., Lee, MCI. (2014). Oxidative Stress and Periodontal Disease in Down Syndrome. In: Ekuni, D., Battino, M., Tomofuji, T., Putnins, E. (eds) Studies on Periodontal Disease. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9557-4_15

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