Abstract
The ARTEMIS mission takes two of the five THEMIS spacecraft beyond their prime mission objectives and reuses them to study the Moon and the lunar space environment. Although the spacecraft and fuel resources were tailored to space observations from Earth orbit, sufficient fuel margins, spacecraft capability, and operational flexibility were present that with a circuitous, ballistic, constrained-thrust trajectory, new scientific information could be gleaned from the instruments near the Moon and in lunar orbit. We discuss the challenges of ARTEMIS trajectory design and describe its current implementation to address both heliophysics and planetary science objectives. In particular, we explain the challenges imposed by the constraints of the orbiting hardware and describe the trajectory solutions found in prolonged ballistic flight paths that include multiple lunar approaches, lunar flybys, low-energy trajectory segments, lunar Lissajous orbits, and low-lunar-periapse orbits. We conclude with a discussion of the risks that we took to enable the development and implementation of ARTEMIS.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
V. Angelopoulos, The THEMIS Mission. Space Sci. Rev. 141, 5–34 (2008). doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9336-1
V. Angelopoulos, The ARTEMIS Mission. Space Sci. Rev. (2010). doi:10.1007/s11214-010-9687-2
V. Angelopoulos, D.G. Sibeck, THEMIS and ARTEMIS. A proposal submitted for the Senior Review 2008 of the Mission Operations and Data Analysis Program for the Heliophysics Operating Missions. Available at http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/public/THEMIS/SCI/Pubs/Proposals%20and%20Reports/HP_SR_2008_THEMIS_SciTech_20080221.pdf (2008)
D. Auslander, J. Cermenska, G. Dalton, M. de laPena, C.K.H. Dharan, W. Donokowski, R. Duck, J. Kim, D. Pankow, A. Plauche, M. Rahmani, S. Sulack, T.F. Tan, P. Turin, T. Williams, Instrument boom mechanisms on the THEMIS satellites; magnetometer, radial wire, and axial booms. Space Sci. Rev. 141, 185–211 (2008). doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9386-4
J.V. Breakwell, J.V. Brown, The halo family of 3-dimensional periodic orbits in the earth-moon restricted 3-body problem. Celest. Mech. 20, 389–404 (1979)
S.B. Broschart, M.K. Chung, S.J. Hatch, J.H. Ma, T.H. Sweetser, S.S. Weinstein-Weiss, V. Angelopoulos, Preliminary trajectory design for the Artemis lunar mission, in AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ed. by A.V. Rao, T.A. Lovell, F.K. Chan, L.A. Cangahuala. Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, vol. 134 (Univelt, Inc., San Diego, 2009). American Astronautical Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
S.B. Broschart, T.H. Sweetser, V. Angelopoulos, D.C. Folta, M.A. Woodard, Artemis lunar orbit insertion and science orbit design through 2013. Presented at the 2011 AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Meeting, Girdwood, AK, July 31–August 4, 2011, AAS paper 11-509 (2011)
M.K. Chung, V. Angelopoulos, S. Weinstein-Weiss, R. Roncoli, N. Murphy, Personal email communications, August 13–19 (2005)
R. Farquhar, The utilization of halo orbits in advanced lunar operation. Technical report TN-D6365, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, 1971
R.W. Farquhar, A.A. Kamel, Quasi-periodic orbits about the translunar libration point. Celest. Mech. 7, 458–473 (1973)
D. Folta, T.A. Pavlak, K.C. Howell, M.A. Woodard, D.W. Woodfork, Stationkeeping of Lissajous trajectories in the Earth-Moon system with applications to ARTEMIS, in Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, pp. 193–208 (2010)
S. Frey, V. Angelopoulos, M. Bester, J. Bonnell, T. Phan, D. Rummel, Orbit design for the THEMIS mission. Space Sci. Rev. 141, 61–89 (2008). doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9441-1
G. Gómez, K. Howell, J. Masdemont, C. Simó, Station-keeping strategies for translunar libration point orbits, in AAS/AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics 1998, ed. by J. Middour, L. Sackett, L. D’Amario, D. Byrnes. Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, vol. 99 (Univelt, Inc., San Diego, 1998), pp. 949–967
P. Harvey, E. Taylor, R. Sterling, M. Cully, The THEMIS constellation. Space Sci. Rev. 141, 117–152 (2008). doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9416-2
D. Hoffman, Stationkeeping at the colinear equilibrium points of the earth-moon system, Technical report JSC-26189, NASA (1993)
K.C. Howell, T.M. Keeter, Station-keeping strategies for libration point orbits: target point and floquet mode approaches, in Proceedings of the AAS/AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Conference 1995, ed. by R. Proulx, J. Liu, P. Seidelmann, S. Alfano. Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, vol. 89 (Univelt, Inc., San Diego, 1995), pp. 1377–1396
K.C. Howell, B.T. Barden, M.W. Lo, Application of dynamical systems theory to trajectory design for a libration point mission. J. Astronaut. Sci. 45(2), 161–178 (1997)
W.S. Koon, M.W. Lo, J.E. Marsden, S.D. Ross, Heteroclinic connections between periodic orbits and resonance transitions in celestial mechanics. Chaos 10(2), 427–469 (2000). doi:10.1063/1.166509
B.D. Owens, D.P. Cosgrove, J.E. Marchese, J.W. Bonnell, D.H. Pankow, S. Frey, M.G. Bester, Mass ejection anomaly in Lissajous orbit: response and implications for the Artemis mission. Presented at the 2012 AAS/AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting, Charleston, SC, Jan. 29–Feb. 2, Paper AAS 12-181 (2012)
C. Renault, D. Scheeres, Statistical analysis of control maneuvers in unstable orbital environments. J. Guid. Control Dyn. 26(5), 758–769 (2003)
D.J. Scheeres, M.D. Guman, B.F. Villac, Stability analysis of planetary satellite orbiters: applications to the Europa orbiter. J. Guid. Control Dyn. 24(4), 778–787 (2001)
M. Sholl, M. Leeds, J. Holbrook, THEMIS reaction control system—from I&T through early orbit operations, in Proceedings of the 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 8–11 July 2007 (2007)
G.J. Whiffen, Static/dynamic for optimizing a useful objective, United states patent, No. 6,496,741. Issued December 2002 (1999)
G.J. Whiffen, Mystic: implementation of the static dynamic optimal control algorithm for high-fidelity, low-thrust trajectory design, in Proceedings of the AIAA/ASS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference, Keystone, Colorado (2006) Paper AIAA 2006-6741
M. Woodard, D. Folta, D. Woodfork, 2009 ARTEMIS: the first mission to the lunar libration points. Presented at the 21st International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics, Toulouse, France
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sweetser, T.H. et al. (2012). ARTEMIS Mission Design. In: Russell, C., Angelopoulos, V. (eds) The ARTEMIS Mission. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9554-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9554-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-9553-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9554-3
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)