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Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Evolution, Host–Pathogen Interactions, and Implications for Tuberculosis Control

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Dynamic Models of Infectious Diseases

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Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. One-third of the world population is estimated to be infected with tuberculosis resulting in 8.8 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths associated to tuberculosis in 2011 (WHO-fact sheet-2011). The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and other forms of extensive-drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis in many parts of the world is threatening to send us back to an era when tuberculosis was an untreatable disease. Despite the fast pace of progress in the field of tuberculosis research in the last decade, the implementation of promising discoveries continues to be a challenge. In most countries, National Tuberculosis Programs are still using smear microscopy, a 120-year-old technology, to diagnose tuberculosis and treatment regimens that have not changed in the past 40 years. Furthermore, we still have important gaps in our knowledge of the basic biology of M. tuberculosis, as it pertains to pathogen and human interactions. We still do not know the extent of genetic diversity in tuberculosis bacteria, nor do we understand the implications of this diversity in terms of virulence, vaccine, and drug development. Nevertheless, there is fascinating new research into the global diversity of tuberculosis strains and its association to ancient human migrations out of Africa, as well as to more recent migration patterns of humans in the last 500 years. These most recent insights into the diversity of tuberculosis and human coevolution are promising a more far-reaching understanding of the biology of tuberculosis with potential payoffs for the eventual elimination of tuberculosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New Mexico Veterans Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Marcos Burgos

  2. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Marcos Burgos

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  1. Marcos Burgos
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  1. Foundation for Scientific Research and Technological Innovation, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

    V. Sree Hari Rao

  2. University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

    Ravi Durvasula

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Burgos, M. (2013). Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Evolution, Host–Pathogen Interactions, and Implications for Tuberculosis Control. In: Sree Hari Rao, V., Durvasula, R. (eds) Dynamic Models of Infectious Diseases. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9224-5_5

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