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Involvement of Caspases in the Pathophysiology of Neurodegeneration and Stroke

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Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunction

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 8))

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Abstract

A family of proteases known as caspases is a key element in the proteolytic machinery involved in apoptosis or programmed cell death. Apart from their involvement in cell death, caspases are also associated with the developmental process and other normal functions of adult organisms. Caspases are named such because they constitute a family of cysteine proteases which always cleave an Asp residue in their substrates. Stroke results from a rapid malfunctioning of the brain due to lack of blood supply and is a major health threat producing mortality and morbidity. Majority of strokes are ischemic (80 % of all strokes) and the rest are hemorrhagic. Both forms of divergent cell death mechanisms, necrosis, and apoptosis are observed at different spatial region of ischemic attack. Involvement of multiple caspases in stroke has been documented with caspases 1, 3, 8, 9, and 11 playing major roles. Many neurodegenerative diseases result from loss of functional neurons from the brain through enhanced death of neurons. Neurodegenerative diseases are usually late onset and progressive. Among the most common neurodegenerative disorders in aging populations worldwide, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) definitely warrant mentioning. Abnormal protein deposits in specific regions of the brain give rise to both these diseases triggering reactive oxygen species formation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Caspases are activated by these changes resulting in loss of neurons through cell death. In this review we provide a brief overview of the involvement of caspases in diseases associated with the impairment of brain function.

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Acknowledgments

K.J. acknowledges partial support from the Dept. of Science and Technology, Fast Track Young Scientist Scheme.

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  1. Alakananda Goswami

    Present address: SN Surgicare & Healthcare Science Private Limited (Associated Company of NSIC, Govt. of India enterprise), Barasat, Kolkata, 700121, West Bengal, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, 700064, West Bengal, India

    Alakananda Goswami & Sanghamitra Raha

  2. Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India

    Prosenjit Sen

  3. Department of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India

    Kuladip Jana

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Visva Bharati University, Shantiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India

    Sanghamitra Raha

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  1. Alakananda Goswami
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Correspondence to Sanghamitra Raha .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. St. Boniface Hosp. Research, Univ. of Ma Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

  2. Dept of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

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Goswami, A., Sen, P., Jana, K., Raha, S. (2014). Involvement of Caspases in the Pathophysiology of Neurodegeneration and Stroke. In: Dhalla, N., Chakraborti, S. (eds) Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunction. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 8. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9099-9_3

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