Abstract
Modern crowdsourcing, as a form of processing information, has many precedents in history. It was commonly found in times when labor was inexpensive and employers desired flexible organizational structures. It was commonly used during the Great Depression and perhaps had its greatest influence in the Mathematical Tables Project. However, the theoretical underpinnings of crowdsourcing can be found a century earlier, at the start of the Victorian Age, in the writings of Charles Babbage.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Babbage C (1831) On the economy of machinery and manufacture. Freeman, London
Barnard C (1936) Functions of the executive. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Benniger J (1986) The control revolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Braverman H (1975) Labor and monopoly capital. Free Press, New York
Chandler A (1977) The visible hand. Belknap Press, Cambridge
Coase RH (1937) The nature of the firm. Economica 4(16):386–405
Daston L (1994) Enlightenment calculations. Crit Inq 21(1):182–202
Grier DA (2005) When computers were human. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Grier DA (2010) The inconsistent youth of Charles Babbage. Ann Hist Comput 32(4):18–31. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2010.67
Grier DA (ed) (2011) The computing machines of Charles Babbage. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos
Hansen M, Demming WE (1932) Some census aids to sampling. JASA 38(223):353–357
Helfand W, Lazarus J, Theerman P (2001) …So that others may walk: the march of Dimes. Am J Public Health 91(8)
Howe J (2008) Crowdsourcing. Crown Business, New York
Hyman A (1982) Charles Babbage, pioneer of the computer. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Leffingwell WH (1932) A textbook of office management. McGraw Hill, New York
Montgomery D (1987) Fall of the house of labor. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
National Association of Suggestion Systems (1944) Suggestion systems, a brief survey of modern theory and practice. Chicago: National Association of suggestion systems
Robinson C (1932) Straw polls. Columbia University Press, New York
Rogel D (2010) The great logarithmic and trigonometric tables of the French Cadastre, www.loria.fr/~roegel/locomat.html. Accessed July 2010
Roosevelt FD (1933) Inaugural address
Smith A (1776) On the wealth of nations. Adam Smith, Dublin
Tang JC, Cebrian M, Giacobe NA, Kim HW, Kim T, Wickert DB Communications of the ACM, 54(4):78–85
Taylor FW (1911) Principles of scientific management. Harper Brothers, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grier, D.A. (2013). Human Computation and Divided Labor. In: Michelucci, P. (eds) Handbook of Human Computation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8806-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8806-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8805-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8806-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)