Abstract
Endoscopic imaging techniques aim for detection of small and even minute neoplasias and analysis of macroscopic type, microsurface, and capillary architecture. Magnifying image-enhanced endoscopy displays surface and capillary architecture of normal and neoplastic mucosa and allows highly accurate endoscopic diagnosis of margins, malignant transformation, and likelihood of deep submucosal invasion of early mucosal neoplasias, which is fundamental for curative endoscopic resection. We provide an introduction to techniques of image-enhanced endoscopy and diagnostic analysis of endoscopic observations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
The Paris endoscopic classification of superficial neoplastic lesions: esophagus, stomach, and colon: Nov 30 to Dec 1, 2002. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;58:S3–43.
George SM, et al. Classification of advanced colorectal carcinomas by tumor edge morphology: evidence for different pathogenesis and significance of polypoid and nonpolypoid tumors. Cancer. 2000;89:1901–9.
Heresbach D, et al. Miss rate for colorectal neoplastic polyps: a prospective multicenter study of back-to-back video colonoscopies. Endoscopy. 2008;40:284–90.
Rembacken BJ, et al. Flat and depressed colonic neoplasms: a prospective study of 1000 colonoscopies in the UK. Lancet. 2000;355:1211–4.
Kaltenbach T, et al. American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technology assessment on image-enhanced endoscopy. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:327–40.
Kodashima S, et al. Novel image-enhanced endoscopy with i-scan technology. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:1043–9.
Kudo S, et al. Colonoscopic diagnosis and management of nonpolypoid early colorectal cancer. World J Surg. 2000;24:1081–90.
Muto M, et al. Improving visualization techniques by narrow band imaging and magnification endoscopy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24:1333–46.
Uedo N, et al. Role of narrow band imaging for diagnosis of early-stage esophagogastric cancer: current consensus of experienced endoscopists in Asia-Pacific region. Dig Endosc. 2011;23 Suppl 1:58–71.
Uraoka T, et al. Narrow-band imaging for improving colorectal adenoma detection: appropriate system function settings are required. Gut. 2009;58:604–5.
Update on the Paris classification of superficial neoplastic lesions in the digestive tract. Endoscopy. 2005;37:570–78.
Ishihara R, et al. Quantitative analysis of the color change after iodine staining for diagnosing esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69:213–8.
Kondo H, et al. Sodium thiosulfate solution spray for relief of irritation caused by Lugol’s stain in chromoendoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53:199–202.
Kawahara Y, et al. Novel chromoendoscopic method using an acetic acid-indigocarmine mixture for diagnostic accuracy in delineating the margin of early gastric cancers. Dig Endosc. 2009;21:14–9.
Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer. Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma. First English ed. Tokyo: Kanehara & Co., Ltd; 1995.
Everett SM, et al. Early gastric cancer in Europe. Gut. 1997;41:142–50.
Uraoka T, et al. Endoscopic indications for endoscopic mucosal resection of laterally spreading tumours in the colorectum. Gut. 2006;55:1592–7.
Saito Y, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal tumors. Dig Endosc. 2009;21 Suppl 1:S7–12.
Yoshida T, et al. Narrow-band imaging system with magnifying endoscopy for superficial esophageal lesions. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59:288–95.
Yao K, et al. Novel magnified endoscopic findings of microvascular architecture in intramucosal gastric cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;56:279–84.
Hoffman A, et al. High definition colonoscopy combined with i-Scan is superior in the detection of colorectal neoplasias compared with standard video colonoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Endoscopy. 2010;42:827–33.
Inoue T, et al. Comparative study of conventional colonoscopy and pan-colonic narrow-band imaging system in the detection of neoplastic colonic polyps: a randomized, controlled trial. J Gastroenterol. 2008;43:45–50.
Pohl J, et al. Computed image modification for enhancement of small-bowel surface structures at video capsule endoscopy. Endoscopy. 2010;42:490–2.
Sano Y, et al. Magnifying observation of microvascular architecture of colorectal lesions using a narrow-band imaging system. Dig Endosc. 2006;18:s44–51.
Toyoda H, et al. Detection of intestinal metaplasia in distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction by enhanced-magnification endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59:15–21.
Tanaka S, et al. Aim to unify the narrow band imaging (NBI) magnifying classification for colorectal tumors: current status in Japan from a summary of the consensus symposium in the 79th Annual Meeting of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. Dig Endosc. 2011;23 Suppl 1:131–9.
Yao K, et al. Magnifying endoscopy for diagnosing and delineating early gastric cancer. Endoscopy. 2009;41:462–7.
Kudo S. Early colorectal cancer. Detection of depressed types of colorectal carcinoma. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin Ltd; 1996.
Uraoka T, et al. Sano’s capillary pattern classification for narrow-band imaging of early colorectal lesions. Dig Endosc. 2011;23 Suppl 1:112–5.
Hewett DG, et al. Validation of a simple classification system for endoscopic diagnosis of small colorectal polyps using narrow-band imaging. Gastroenterology. 2012;143:599–607.
Nakayoshi T, et al. Magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow band imaging system for early gastric cancer: correlation of vascular pattern with histopathology (including video). Endoscopy. 2004;36:1080–4.
Okada K, et al. Diagnosis of undifferentiated type early gastric cancers by magnification endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26:1262–9.
Ezoe Y, et al. Magnifying narrowband imaging is more accurate than conventional white-light imaging in diagnosis of gastric mucosal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:2017–25.e2013.
Ezoe Y, et al. Magnifying narrow-band imaging versus magnifying white-light imaging for the differential diagnosis of gastric small depressive lesions: a prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:477–84.
Abe S, et al. Depth-predicting score for differentiated early gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 2011;14:35–40.
Tanaka K, et al. Features of early gastric cancer and gastric adenoma by enhanced-magnification endoscopy. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:332–8.
Yokoyama A, et al. Novel narrow-band imaging magnifying endoscopic classification for early gastric cancer. Dig Liver Dis. 2010;42:704–8.
Gatenby PA, et al. Relevance of the detection of intestinal metaplasia in non-dysplastic columnar-lined oesophagus. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43:524–30.
Kelty CJ, et al. Barrett’s oesophagus: intestinal metaplasia is not essential for cancer risk. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007;42:1271–4.
Riddell RH, et al. Definition of Barrett’s esophagus: time for a rethink – is intestinal metaplasia dead? Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:2588–94.
Goda K, et al. Usefulness of magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging for the detection of specialized intestinal metaplasia in columnar-lined esophagus and Barrett’s adenocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65:36–46.
Kara MA, et al. Detection and classification of the mucosal and vascular patterns (mucosal morphology) in Barrett’s esophagus by using narrow band imaging. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:155–66.
Sharma P, et al. The utility of a novel narrow band imaging endoscopy system in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:167–75.
Singh R, et al. Narrow-band imaging with magnification in Barrett’s esophagus: validation of a simplified grading system of mucosal morphology patterns against histology. Endoscopy. 2008;40:457–63.
Pech O, et al. Prospective evaluation of the macroscopic types and location of early Barrett’s neoplasia in 380 lesions. Endoscopy. 2007;39:588–93.
Theisen J, et al. Preferred location for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma within a segment of intestinal metaplasia. Surg Endosc. 2006;20:235–8.
Endo T, et al. Classification of Barrett’s epithelium by magnifying endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55:641–7.
Ishihara R, et al. Significance of each narrow-band imaging finding in diagnosing squamous mucosal high-grade neoplasia of the esophagus. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25:1410–5.
Acknowledgments
The contribution of cases or images by Dr. Hans-Peter Allgaier/Freiburg and Dr. Gerhard Kleber/Aalen, Germany; Dr. Tsuneo Oyama, Saku Central Hospital/Nagano, Japan; and Dr. Daniel Neureiter, University Institute of Pathology/Salzburg, Austria, is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Berr, F., Uraoka, T., Ponchon, T., Yahagi, N. (2014). Endoscopic Detection and Analysis of Mucosal Neoplastic Lesions: Enhanced Imaging and Tumor Morphology. In: Berr, F., Oyama, T., Ponchon, T., Yahagi, N. (eds) Early Neoplasias of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8292-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8292-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8291-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8292-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)